DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 9th August 2024
Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) PYROCUMULONIMBUS CLOUDS Syllabus Prelims & Mains – GEOGRAPHY Context: Intense wildfires in the United States and Canada have sparked the formation of pyrocumulonimbus clouds. Background:- The occurrence of these clouds has increased in recent years. Typically, about 102 pyrocumulonimbus clouds were recorded globally in a year, with 50 of them in Canada. However, during last year’s extreme wildfire season, Canada alone witnessed 140 pyrocumulonimbus clouds. About pyrocumulonimbus clouds The cumulonimbus flammagenitus cloud (CbFg), also known as the pyrocumulonimbus cloud, is a type of cumulonimbus cloud that forms above a source of heat, such as a wildfire, nuclear explosion, or volcanic eruption. Formation of Pyrocumulonimbus Clouds: Not all wildfires produce pyrocumulonimbus clouds; they form during extremely hot fires or volcanic eruptions. For example, the Australian bushfires of 2019-2020, with temperatures exceeding 800°C, led to their formation. Process: Intense heat from fires causes surrounding air to rise, carrying water vapour, smoke, and ash. As this air ascends and cools, water vapour condenses on ash particles, forming pyrocumulus or “fire clouds.” But if there is sufficient water vapour available and the upward movement of hot air intensifies, pyrocumulus clouds can evolve into a pyrocumulonimbus cloud, reaching up to 50,000 feet and generating their own thunderstorms. Impacts: While they can produce lightning, they yield little rain, potentially igniting new fires far from the original source. Additionally, they can induce strong winds, accelerating and complicating wildfire spread. Increasing Frequency: The exact cause of the rise in pyrocumulonimbus events is not fully understood, as research in this area is emerging. However, climate change, leading to higher global temperatures and more intense wildfires, is believed to contribute to their increased occurrence. Source: Indian Express CHHATTISGARH TO GET NEW TIGER RESERVE Syllabus Prelims – ENVIRONMENT Context: Chhattisgarh recently cleared a long-pending proposal to notify a new tiger reserve – the third largest in the country. This comes amid the dwindling tiger population in the state. Background: Chhattisgarh’s tiger population fell from 46 in 2014 to 17 in 2022, according to a National Tiger Conservation Authority report. About Guru Ghasidas-Tamor Pingla Tiger Reserve The Guru Ghasidas-Tamor Pingla Tiger Reserve, which integrates an existing national park with a wildlife sanctuary, is Chhattisgarh’s fourth reserve for tigers. The decision to establish the reserve comes after Chhattisgarh High Court, while hearing a PIL on July 15, granted four weeks to the state government to clear its stand on declaring that area a tiger reserve. In 2019, wildlife activist filed a PIL in the high court highlighting the decline in the big cat population in the state. The PIL accused the government of inaction in notifying and establishing the reserve, despite approval from the National Tiger Conservation Authority and the Union Environment Ministry since 2012. On 7th August, the state cabinet merged the regions of the Guru Ghasidas National Park and the Tamor Pingla Sanctuary, located in the districts of Manendragarh-Chirmiri-Bharatpur, Koriya, Surajpur and Balrampur, to create the new reserve. Guru Ghasidas-Tamor Pingla Tiger Reserve will be the third largest tiger reserve in the country. It spans 2,829 square kilometres across four northern districts of Chhattisgarh. Andhra Pradesh’s Nagarjunasagar Srisailam Tiger Reserve is the country’s largest tiger reserve, covering 3,296.31 sq km. Manas Tiger Reserve in Assam is the second largest with an area of 2,837.1 sq km. Source: Indian Express KASTURI COTTON Syllabus Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: Union Minister of State for Textiles, Shri Pabitra Margherita in a written reply to Lok Sabha mentioned about the progress in Kasturi cotton initiative. Background: In order to attain the objective of building image of Indian cotton at Global level, making India Aatmanirbhar and vocal for local in the field of cotton, Ministry of Textiles had announced the “Kasturi Cotton India” Brand of cotton on the eve of World Cotton Day on 7th October 2020. About Kasturi cotton Kasturi Cottonis a premium cotton brand from India, launched by the Government of India to promote the country’s cotton and textile industry globally. Key Features High Quality: Kasturi Cotton is known for its long staple length, typically 30 mm and 29 mm, which ensures superior quality.The cotton must meet specific benchmarked parameters, including micronaire value, RD (degrees of reflectance) value, fiber strength, uniformity index, trash, and moisture content. Traceability: One of the standout features of Kasturi Cotton is its blockchain traceability and barcode validation.This ensures transparency and quality control throughout the supply chain. Sustainability: The brand emphasizes sustainable practices in cotton production, which helps in earning premium prices and enhancing credibility. Objectives Global Recognition: Kasturi Cotton aims to create a unique identity for Indian cotton in the global market, reinforcing India’s position as a cotton powerhouse Value Addition: It seeks to add value to the entire cotton chain, from farmers to end users, by ensuring high standards and traceability. Additional Information The Cotton Textiles Export Promotion Council (TEXPROCIL) the apex body to promote exports of Indian Cotton textile products including raw cotton across the world, has been designated as the implementing agency for Traceability, Certification and Branding of “KASTURI Cotton India”. Source: PIB NEUTRON STARS Syllabus Prelims – SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Context: Astronomers recently discovered ten strange dead stars, or “neutron stars,” lurking near the heart of the Milky Way. Background: Neutron stars are one of the most extreme and exotic objects in the known universe. About Neutron stars : Neutron stars are the collapsed cores of massive stars that have undergone a supernova explosion. They are among the densest objects in the universe, second only to black holes. Typically, neutron stars have a diameter of about 20 kilometers (12 miles) and a mass between 1.18 and 1.97 times that of the Sun. How Are Neutron Stars Formed? Supernova Explosion: When a massive star (usually 10-25 times the mass of the Sun) exhausts its nuclear fuel, it can no longer support itself against gravitational collapse. This leads to a supernova explosion. Core Collapse: The core of the star collapses under gravity, causing protons and electrons to combine into neutrons. This process results in an incredibly dense core composed almost entirely of neutrons. Formation of Neutron
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