DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 2nd August 2024
Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) PRIVILEGE MOTION Syllabus Prelims & Mains – POLITY Context: Congress moved a Privilege Motion against Prime Minister for posting on social media a portion of remarks which were expunged from the proceedings of the House by the Chair. Background:- The notice for the motion was moved by Charanjit Singh Channi under rule 222 which gives a member the power, with the consent of the Speaker, to raise a question involving a breach of privilege either of a member or of the House or of a Committee. What are Parliamentary Privileges? Parliamentary privileges are special rights, immunities, and exemptions enjoyed by the members of Parliament. The aim of this is to ensure legislators and house can perform duties effectively . Parliamentary privileges in India are divided into collective and individual privileges. Collective privileges The Indian Parliament can decide if its reports, debates, and proceedings should be published or not. The Parliament has the right to exclude outsiders from its proceedings. It can conduct secret sessions if needed. The Parliament can make rules for regulating its procedures, business conduct, and work adjudication. It can suspend or expel members for violating privileges. The Parliament can reprimand, admonish, or even imprison individuals who breach privileges. The Parliament is informed about the arrest, detention, conviction, imprisonment, and release of its members. The Parliament can initiate inquiries and call witnesses. The proceedings of the Parliament and its committees cannot be questioned in court. No arrests or legal processes can occur within the House precincts without the presiding officer’s permission. Individual Privileges Members of Parliament cannot be arrested during sessions, 40 days before and after sessions. This privilege is only available for civil cases and not in criminal and preventive detention cases. They have the freedom of speech in the houses and are immune from court proceedings for their speech in Parliament. They are exempt from jury service and can refuse to give evidence or appear as witnesses during sessions. What is a Privilege Motion? A privilege motion is moved by a member when they believe that a minister or another member has breached these privileges. The motion aims to censure the concerned member or minister for their actions. Conditions for Raising a Privilege Motion To raise a privilege motion, two conditions must be met: Specific Matter of Recent Occurrence: The issue must be a specific incident that has occurred recently. Need for Intervention: The matter should require the intervention of the House. Process of a Privilege Motion Raising the Motion: A member submits the motion to the Speaker (Lok Sabha) or Chairman (Rajya Sabha). Initial Examination: The Speaker/Chairman examines the motion and decides whether to admit or reject it.The Speaker/RS chairperson is the first level of scrutiny of a privilege motion. The Speaker/Chair can decide on the privilege motion himself or herself or refer it to the privileges committee of Parliament. Committee of Privileges: If the motion is referred to the Committee of Privileges, it investigates the matter. Committee Report: The committee examines the case, calls relevant persons, reviews documents, and submits a report with recommendations. House Consideration: The House considers the committee’s report and decides on the action to be taken. Common Causes for Privilege Motions Misconduct by Members: Actions by MPs that are deemed dishonorable or contrary to the dignity of the House. Publication of Expunged Remarks: Publishing remarks that have been ordered to be expunged from the official records. Obstructing Members in the Discharge of their Duties: Any action that hinders MPs from performing their parliamentary duties. Disrespectful Conduct: Actions by any individual or authority that show disrespect to the House or its members. Source: Indian Express STURGEONS Syllabus Prelims – ENVIRONMENT Context: According to a new report, poaching and trafficking are endangering the survival of four sturgeon species in one of their last strongholds—the lower Danube River in southeastern Europe. These species are among the most endangered fish globally. Background: Sturgeons are iconic fish of ancient origin, present already in the time of dinosaurs. They award a cultural, economic and natural value to many rivers of the Northern hemisphere and have become symbols for healthy and free flowing river systems. About Sturgeons Ancient Origins: Sturgeons have been around for millions of years, with fossils dating back to the Late Cretaceous period. Primitive Fish: They are considered “primitive” because they have retained many characteristics from their early ancestors. Physical Characteristics Distinctive Features: Sturgeons are long-lived, late-maturing fishes with distinctive characteristics, such as a heterocercal caudal fin similar to those of sharks, and an elongated, spindle-like body that is smooth-skinned, scaleless, and armored with lateral rows of bony plates called scutes. Size: Several species can grow quite large, typically ranging from 2 to 3.5 meters in length. Habitat and Behavior Habitat: Sturgeons are found in subtropical, temperate, and sub-Arctic rivers, lakes, and coastlines of Eurasia and North America. Migratory Patterns: Many sturgeon species are anadromous, meaning they migrate upstream to spawn but spend most of their lives in river deltas and estuaries. Additional Information Sturgeons are heavily exploited globally for their roe/eggs (caviar) and meat. This has led to a steep decline in populations worldwide. Due to overfishing for their roe (caviar) and habitat destruction, most sturgeon species are critically endangered Since 1998, international trade in all species of sturgeons has been regulated under CITES owing to concerns over the impact of unsustainable harvesting of and illegal trade in sturgeon populations in the wild. Source: Down To Earth INDO-PACIFIC PARTNERSHIP FOR MARITIME DOMAIN AWARENESS Syllabus Prelims & Mains – INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Context: The Quad countries recently announced that the Indo-Pacific Partnership for Maritime Domain Awareness (IPMDA) will be extended to the Indian Ocean, utilizing the Indian Navy’s Information Fusion Centre in Gurugram. Background: IPMDA is a technology and training initiative to enhance maritime domain awareness in the Indo-Pacific region and to bring increased transparency to its critical waterways. About Indo-Pacific Partnership for Maritime Domain Awareness (IPMDA) TheIndo-Pacific Partnership for Maritime Domain Awareness (IPMDA) is an initiative launched by the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad) countries—Australia, India, Japan,
DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 2nd August 2024 Read More »