Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   Foreign Contribution Regulation Act (FCRA) Syllabus Prelims –POLITY Context: Recently, after a record 1,111 NGOs got Foreign Contribution Regulation Act (FCRA) nod in 2023, 30 get clearance in January. Background:- A Taiwan-headquartered Buddhist monastic order in Delhi has been granted clearance under the Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act (FCRA), 2010, enabling the organisation to receive foreign funds. About Foreign Contribution Regulation Act (FCRA):- The Foreign Contribution Regulation Act (FCRA) was enacted during the Emergency in 1976 amid apprehensions that foreign powers were interfering in India’s affairs. The law sought to regulate foreign donations to individuals and associations so that they functioned “in a manner consistent with the values of a sovereign democratic republic”. The FCRA was amended in 2010 and 2020 by the government to give tighter control and scrutiny over the receipt and utilization of foreign funds by NGOs. FCRA Registration: NGOs that want to receive foreign funds must apply online in a prescribed format with the required documentation. FCRA registrations are granted to individuals or associations that have definite cultural, economic, educational, religious, and social programs. Following the application by the NGO, the MHA makes inquiries through the Intelligence Bureau into the antecedents of the applicant, and accordingly processes the application. FCRA Requirements: Broadly, the FCRA requires every person or NGO seeking to receive foreign donations to be: registered under the Act, to open a bank account for the receipt of the foreign funds in State Bank of India, Delhi, and to utilize those funds only for the purpose for which they have been received and as stipulated in the Act. They are also required to file annual returns, and they must not transfer the funds to another NGO. Changes in FCRA Rules: The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) in 2022 changed FCRA rules and increased the number of compoundable offences under the Act from 7 to 12. The amendment also gave exemption from intimation to the government for contributions less than Rs 10 lakh – the earlier limit was Rs 1 lakh — received from relatives abroad, and increase in time limit for intimation of opening of bank accounts. Validity of FCRA Approval: Once granted, FCRA registration is valid for five years. NGOs are expected to apply for renewal within six months of the date of expiry of registration. In case of failure to apply for renewal, the registration is deemed to have expired. Once expired, the NGO is no longer entitled to receive foreign funds or utilize its existing funds without permission from the ministry. Challenges of regulating foreign contributions: Administrative Delays. Stringent Compliance Requirements Political Interference Ambiguity in the Law Lack of Clarity  MUST READ: Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act (FCRA) and NGO SOURCE: THE HINDU PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) With reference to India, consider the following statements: (2021) Judicial custody means an accused is in the custody of the concerned magistrate and such an accused is locked up in a police station, not in jail. During judicial custody, the police officer in charge of the case is not allowed to interrogate the suspect without the approval of the court. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2) Consider the following pairs: (2020) International agreement/ set-up Subject Alma-Ata Declaration – Healthcare of the people Hague Convention – Biological and Chemical Weapons Talanoa Dialogue – Global Climate Change Under2 Coalition – Child Rights Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched? 1 and 2 only 4 only 1 and 3 only 2,3 and 4 only Kuki Tribe Syllabus Prelims –POLITY Context: Recently, Manipur Chief Minister N Biren Singh has said that the state government may consider setting up a committee to discuss the Scheduled Tribe status of Kukis in the state. Background:- He was responding to questions about a representation made by a Meitei leader seeking that Kukis be removed from the list, while reiterating the long-pending demand of Meiteis for ST status. About Kuki Tribe:- The Kukis are an ethnic group including multiple tribes originally inhabiting the North-Eastern states of India such as Manipur, Mizoram and Assam; parts of Burma (now Myanmar), and Sylhet district and Chittagong hill tracts of Bangladesh. The tribes associated with it came to be generically called Kuki under colonial rule. In Manipur, the various Kuki tribes, living mainly in the hills, currently make up 30% of the total population of the State. They are present in all Northeast Indian states except Arunachal Pradesh. ( Significance of Tribal Culture in Sustainable Development) Around fifty tribes of Kuki peoples in India are recognised as scheduled tribes. Traditionally the Kuki lived in small settlements in the jungles, each ruled by its own chief. The Kuki live an isolated existence in the bamboo forests, which provide them with their building and handicraft materials. Normally they do not arrange any marriage alliance outside their community. Traditionally they were not Christian but animist and worshipped different deities and spirits. But for the last 90 years, the majority of them have embraced Christianity as their religion. They have their own customary laws and village council. LAL is a term to denote village chief. The village chief generally looks up all sorts of social and religious disputes Including disputes related to marriage and divorce. MUST READ:  Kuki Insurgency in Manipur SOURCE: THE INDIAN EXPRESS PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Consider the following statements about Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) in India: (2019) PVTGs reside in 18 States and one Union Territory. A stagnant or declining population is one of the criteria for determining PVTG status. There are 95 PVTGs officially notified in the country so far. Irular and Konda Reddi tribes are included in the list of PVTGs. Which of the statements given above is correct? 1, 2 and 3 2, 3 and 4 1, 2 and 4 1, 3 and 4 Q.2) With reference to the ‘stand up India scheme’, which of the following statement is/are correct? (2016) Its purpose is to promote entrepreneurship among SC/ST and women entrepreneurs. It provides for refinancing through

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   Swadesh Darshan 2.0 scheme Syllabus Prelims –GOVERNMENT SCHEMES Context: Recently, Odisha’s Debrigarh, Khinda was included in the Ministry of Tourism’s Swadesh Darshan 2.0 scheme. Background:- Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary and Khinda Village will be developed under the scheme as sustainable and responsible destinations with a tourist and destination-centric approach. About Swadesh Darshan 2.0 scheme:- Ministry: Ministry of Tourism. Objective: to realize India’s full potential as a tourist destination and promote “vocal for local” as its guiding principle. Salient Features:- The redesigned program known as Swadesh Darshan 2.0 aims to develop sustainable and responsible destinations with a tourist and destination-centric approach and has shared the guidelines for the SD2.0 scheme. The Scheme is 100% centrally funded. The projects under this scheme are sanctioned subject to the availability of funds, submission of suitable Detailed Project Reports (DPR), adherence to scheme guidelines and utilisation of funds released earlier etc. Swadesh Darshan 2.0 is a generational shift to transform the Swadesh Darshan Scheme into a holistic mission to create sustainable and responsible tourism destinations. It is not an incremental change. With a focus on tourists and destinations, it will aid in the creation of sustainable and responsible destinations. It will encourage the creation of generic and theme-specific benchmarks and standards for the development of tourism destinations, and states will adhere to those benchmarks and standards when planning and developing projects. Some of the prominent places identified are Jhansi and Prayagraj in Uttar Pradesh, Gwalior, Chitrakoot and Khajuraho in Madhya Pradesh and Ajanta and Ellora in Maharashtra. The Scheme has identified the following significant tourism themes: Tourism of Culture and Heritage Adventure Tourism Eco-Tourism Wellness Tourism MICE Tourism Rural Tourism Beach Tourism Cruises – Inland and Ocean Significance:- The revamped scheme seeks to enhance the contribution of tourism to local economies.  MUST READ: Promotion of Buddhist Sites under Swadesh Darshan & PRASHAD SOURCE: THE NEW INDIAN EXPRESS PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) With reference to Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana, consider the following statements : (2018) It is the flagship scheme of the Ministry of Labour and Employment. It, among other things, will also impart training in soft skills, entrepreneurship, financial and digital literacy. It aims to align the competencies of the unregulated workforce of the country to the National Skill Qualification Framework. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 and 3 only 2 only 2 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.2) What is the aim of the programme ‘Unnat Bharat Abhiyan’? (2017) Achieving 100% literacy by promoting collaboration between voluntary organizations and the government’s education system and local communities. Connecting institutions of higher education with local communities to address development challenges through appropriate technologies. Strengthening India’s scientific research institutions in order to make India a scientific and technological power. Developing human capital by allocating special funds for health care and education of rural and urban poor, and organizing skill development programmes and vocational training for them. Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996 (PESA Act, 1996) Syllabus Prelims –POLITY Context: Recently, the Ministry of Panchayati Raj organized a “Two-Day Regional Conference on Strengthening of the Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996” (PESA Act, 1996). Background:- The conference will commence with an ‘Inaugural Session’ in the presence of Shri Vivek Bharadwaj, Additional Secretary, Dr. Chandra Shekhar Kumar, Joint Secretary, Smt. Mamta Varma, Principal Secretary, Rural Development & Panchayati Raj Department, Government of Maharashtra Shri Eknath Dawale. About Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996” (PESA Act, 1996):- Enacted: 1996. Objective: to provide for the extension of the provisions of Part IX of the Constitution relating to the Panchayats to the Scheduled Areas. It is an Act to provide for the extension of the provisions of Part IX of the Constitution relating to the Panchayats to the Scheduled Areas. The Part IX of the Constitution, which consists of Articles 243-243ZT, covers legislation related to municipalities and cooperative societies in addition to Panchayats. The Panchayat Extension to Scheduled Areas (PESA) Act 1996 came into existence after the Bhuria Committee’s recommendations in 1995. The PESA Act acknowledges the right of tribal communities, who live in Scheduled Areas, to rule themselves using their own systems of self-government. The Act gives Gram Sabhas the authority to play an important part in approving development plans and managing all social sectors. Under the PESA Act, Scheduled Areas are those referred to in Article 244(1), which says that the provisions of the Fifth Schedule shall apply to the Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes in states other than Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram. Role of State Government:- PESA, was enacted by the Centre to ensure self-governance through gram sabhas (village assemblies) for people living in scheduled areas. State governments were required to amend their respective Panchayat Raj Acts without making any law that would be inconsistent with the mandate of PESA. To legally recognize the right of tribal communities, and residents of the scheduled areas, to govern themselves through their own systems of self-government. It acknowledges their traditional rights over natural resources. Powers and functions provided to the Gram Sabhas:- Right to mandatory consultation in land acquisition, resettlement and rehabilitation of displaced persons. Protection of traditional beliefs, the culture of the tribal communities. Ownership of minor forest products. Resolution of the local disputes. Prevention of land alienation. Management of village markets. Right to control production, distillation, and prohibition of liquor. Exercise of control over money-lending. Any other rights involving the Scheduled Tribes.  MUST READ: E-PANCHAYAT FACILITY SOURCE: PIB  PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) With reference to the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission, consider the following statements: (2022) Private and public hospitals must adopt it. As it aims to achieve universal health coverage, every citizen of India should be part of it ultimately. It has seamless portability across the country. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 and 2 only 3 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.2) The Government enacted the Panchayat Extension to Scheduled Areas (PESA) Act in 1996. Which one of the following

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   ANUBHAV Awards Scheme, 2024 Syllabus Prelims –GOVERNMENT SCHEMES Context: Recently, the Government has notified the ANUBHAV Awards Scheme 2024. Background:- The Last Date for submissions on the ANUBHAV portal will be 31 March 2024, all Line Ministries/ Departments will reach out to Pensioners to make submissions on the ANUBHAV Portal. About ANUBHAV Awards Scheme, 2024:- Launched: 2015. Ministry: Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances & Pensions. Objective: to incentivize and encourage more retiring employees to submit their write-ups. It recognises the contribution made by Retired Officials to nation-building while working in Government and to document the administrative history of India through written narratives. To date 54 ANUBHAV Awards conferred by the Department of Pension and Pensioners Welfare. On the directions of the Hon’ble Prime Minister of India, DOPPW launched an online platform entitled ‘Anubhav Portal’ in March 2015 for sharing experiences of retiring/retired Central Government employees while working with the Government. It is envisaged that this culture of leaving notes by retirees will become the foundation stone of good governance and administrative reforms in future. To participate in the scheme, retiring Central Government employees/pensioners are required to submit their Anubhav write-ups, 8 months prior to retirement and up to 1 year after their retirement. Thereafter, the write-ups will be published after assessment by concerned Ministries/Departments. The published write-ups will be shortlisted for Anubhav Awards and Jury Certificates. To encourage broader participation in the Anubhav Awards Scheme, 2024, the DOPPW has undertaken an Outreach Campaign to reach out to every pensioner to submit his ANUBHAV experience. In this regard, meetings have been held with Nodal Officers of Ministries/ Departments and CAPFs. Ministries/Departments have been requested to reach out to Pensioners for timely submission of ANUBHAV experiences. Knowledge-sharing sessions on the format of documentation of award-winning nominations have also been convened.( Padma awards)) The ANUBHAV Awardees share their experiences in a national forum under the ANUBHAV Awardees Speak Webinar Series. MUST READ: Padma awardee Shanti Devi SOURCE: PIB PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Consider the following pairs with regard to sports awards : (2023) Major Dhyan Chand:       For the most spectacular and outstanding performance and outstanding Khel Ratna Award performance over a period of the   last four years. Arjuna Award:                   For the lifetime achievement of a sportsperson. Dronacharya Award:       To honour eminent coaches who have successfully trained sportspersons or teams. Rashtriya Khel:                 To recognize the contribution made by sportspersons even after their retirement. How many of the above pairs are correctly matched? Only one Only two Only three All four Q.2) Consider the following statements in respect of the 44th Chess Olympiad, 2022: (2023) It was the first time that Chess Olympiad was held in India. The official mascot was named Thambi. The trophy for the winning team in the open section is the Vera Menchik Cup. The trophy for the winning team in the women’s section is the Hamilton-Russell Cup. How many of the statements given above are correct? Only one Only two Only three All four Centralised Public Grievance Redress and Monitoring System (CPGRAMS) Syllabus Prelims –GOVERNANCE Context: Recently, the 17th Report on States/Union Territories performance on Centralised Public Grievance Redress and Monitoring System (CPGRAMS) for the month of December 2023 was released. Background:- 58,016 PG cases were received by States/UTs in December 2023. About CPGRAMS:- Centralised Public Grievance Redress and Monitoring System (CPGRAMS) is an online platform available to the citizens 24×7 to lodge their grievances to the public authorities on any subject related to service delivery. It is an online web-enabled system developed by the National Informatics Centre (Ministry of Electronics & IT [MeitY]), in association with Directorate of Public Grievances (DPG) and Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances (DARPG). It was launched by the Department of Administrative Reforms & Public Grievances (DARPG) under the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances & Pensions. It is a single portal connected to all the Ministries/Departments of Government of India and States. Every Ministry and States have role-based access to this system. (Grievance Appellate Committees (GACs)) CPGRAMS is also accessible to the citizens through a standalone mobile application downloadable through the Google Play store and a mobile application integrated with UMANG. The status of the grievance filed in CPGRAMS can be tracked with the unique registration ID provided at the time of registration of the complainant. CPGRAMS also provides an appeal facility to the citizens if they are not satisfied with the resolution by the Grievance Officer. After the closure of the grievance if the complainant is not satisfied with the resolution, he/she can provide feedback. If the rating is ‘Poor’ the option to file an appeal is enabled. (Grievance Appellate Committee (GAC) portal) The status of the Appeal can also be tracked by the petitioner with the grievance registration number. Issues which are not taken up for redress : RTI Matters Court-related / Subjudice matters Religious matters Suggestions MUST READ: AI Powered Grievance Management Application SOURCE: PIB PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Who among the following can join the National Pension System (NPS)? (2017) Resident Indian citizens only Persons of age from 21 to 55 only All State Government employees joining the services after the state of notification by the respective State Governments All Central Government employees including those of Armed Forces joining the services on or after 1st April, 2004 Q.2) Recognition of Prior Learning Scheme’ is sometimes mentioned in the news with reference to (2017) Certifying the skills acquire by construction workers through traditional channels. Enrolling the persons in Universities for distance learning programmes. Reserving some skilled jobs to rural and urban poor in some public sector undertakings. Certifying the skills acquired by trainees under the National Skill Development Programme. Atal Bihari Vajpayee Sewri-Nhava Sheva Atal Setu Syllabus Prelims –GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES Context: Recently, Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi inaugurated Atal Bihari Vajpayee Sewri-Nhava Sheva Atal Setu in Navi Mumbai. Background:- The Prime Minister posted on X: “Delighted to inaugurate Atal

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   Amrit Bharat Station Scheme (ABSS) Syllabus Prelims –GOVERNMENT SCHEMES Context: Recently, the Udupi station has been included in the Amrit Bharat Station Scheme (ABSS) for redevelopment. Background:- The railway station is under the Konkan Railway Corporation Ltd. (KRCL) network and was in dire need of attention. About Amrit Bharat Station Scheme (ABSS):- Launched: August,2023. Ministry: Ministry of Railways. Objectives:- The preparation and implementation of master plans for railway stations to enhance the facilities beyond the minimum essential amenities and creating roof plazas and city centres at the station premises in the long term Meet the needs of all stakeholders based on the funding availability and inter-se priority The scheme will cater to the upgradation and replacement of existing amenities as well as the introduction of new amenities Salient Features:- The Amrit Bharat Station scheme envisages to take up 76 railway stations over Central Railway for upgradation/modernisation and out of that, the foundation stone will be laid at 38 stations. It involves the preparation of Master Plans and their implementation in phases to improve the amenities at the stations like improvement of station access, circulating areas, waiting halls, landscaping etc. keeping in view the necessity at each station. The scheme also envisages improvement of the building, integrating the station with both sides of the city, multimodal integration, amenities for Divyangjans, sustainable and environment-friendly solutions, provision of ballastless tracks, ‘Roof Plazas’ as per necessity, phasing and feasibility and creation of city centres at the station in the long term. It will cover stations that have undergone detailed techno-economic feasibility studies. However, the roof plazas in these stations will not be constructed in the near term as reallocation of structures and utilities is given higher priority. The scheme will be implemented based on the needs and patronage of the railway stations. Infrastructural development will be ensured for more than 1,000 stations under this scheme. Benefits:- Modern passenger amenities. Improved traffic circulation. Inter-modal integration. Sustainability and Eco-friendliness. MUST READ: Restructuring of Railways SOURCE: THE HINDU PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Consider the following actions: (2023) Detection of car crash/ collision which results in the deployment of airbags almost instantaneously. Detection of accidental free fall of a laptop towards the ground which results in the immediate turning off of the hard drive. Detection of the tilt of the smartphone which results in the rotation of display between portrait and landscape mode. In how many of the above actions is the function of the accelerometer required? Only one Only two All three None Q.2) Which of the following is/are the aim/aims of the “Digital India” Plan of the Government of India? (2018) Formation of India’s own Internet companies like China did. Establish a policy framework to encourage overseas multinational corporations that collect Big Data to build their large data centres within our national geographical boundaries. Connect many of our villages to the Internet and bring Wi-Fi to many of our schools, public places and major tourist centres. Select the correct answer using the code given below : 1 and 2 only 3 only 2 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Zero Effect, Zero Defect scheme (ZED) Syllabus Prelims –ECONOMY/GOVERNMENT SCHEMES Context: Recently, the  Zero Effect, Zero Defect scheme (ZED) for MSMEs hit 1 lakh certification milestone. Background:- At the time of filing this report, 1,02,642 MSMEs were certified, of which 1,01,962 were bronze-level certified, 339 units received silver certification and 341 had gold certification, as per data from the scheme’s portal. The cumulative financial support extended to MSMEs under the scheme stood at Rs 134.57 crore. About Zero Effect, Zero Defect scheme (ZED):- Launched: October 2016. Ministry: Ministry of Micro,Small & Medium Enterprises. Objective: to achieve a twin goal of production of high quality products with clean technology. Salient Features:- The ZED Scheme aims to rate and handhold all MSMEs to deliver top-quality products using clean technology. It will have sector-specific parameters for each industry. Zero defects will provide with high-quality products for consumers and zero effect provides with minimal pollution of the environment. Thus scripting a new role for MSMEs according to changing socio-economic scenario. Currently, the scheme is applicable for manufacturing MSMEs only. MSME Sustainable (ZED) Certification can be attained in three levels after registering and taking the ZED Pledge: Certification Level 1: BRONZE Certification Level 2: SILVER Certification Level 3: GOLD Benefits:- ZED will act as a catalyst to accomplish the goals under Make in India. i.e. increasing the contribution of the manufacturing sector to 25% of the GDP and creating 100 million employment. ZED will enhance the productivity and efficiency of MSMEs. ZED will also aid in attracting investments. Enhancing the global and domestic competitiveness of the manufacturing sector so has to broaden the customer base. MUST READ: MSME Sustainable (ZED) Certification Scheme SOURCE: THE FINANCIAL EXPRESS  PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) With reference to Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission, consider the following statements: (2022) Private and public hospitals must adopt it. As it aims to achieve universal health coverage, every citizen of India should be part of it ultimately. It has seamless portability across the country. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 and 2 only 3 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.2) With reference to the funds under the Members of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme (MPLADS), which of the following statements is correct? (2020) MPLADS funds must be used to create durable assets like physical infrastructure for health, education, etc. A specified portion of each MP’s fund must benefit SC/ST populations. MPLADS funds are sanctioned on a yearly basis and the unused funds cannot be carried forward to the next year. The district authority must inspect at least 10% of all works under implementation every year. Select the correct answer using the code given below: 1 and 2 only 3 and 4 only 1, 2, and 3 only 1, 2, and 4 only PRASADAM Syllabus Prelims – GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES Context: Recently, Union Minister of Health & Family Welfare Dr. Mansukh Mandaviya inaugurated

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   India-Maldives Bilateral Relation Syllabus Prelims –INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Context: Recently, the Maldivian delegation proposed the removal of Indian troops by March 15, 2024, at the first India-Maldives High-Level Core Group meeting. Background:- The deadline was not find a mention in the official statements by the foreign offices of the two countries. About India-Maldives Bilateral Relation:- IMAGE SOURCE: worldatlas.com India and Maldives share ethnic,  linguistic,  cultural,  religious and commercial links steeped in antiquity. The relations have been close, cordial and multi‐dimensional. India was among the first to recognize Maldives after its independence in 1965 and to establish diplomatic relations with the country. Maldives’ proximity to the west coast of India (barely 70 nautical miles away from Minicoy and 300 nautical miles away from India’s West coast), and its situation at the hub of commercial sea lanes running through the Indian Ocean (particularly the 8° N and 1½° N channels) imbues it with significant strategic importance to India. India has a pre‐eminent position in the  Maldives,  with relations extending to virtually most areas. The importance of India’s strategic role in Maldives is well‐recognized,  with  India being seen as a  net security provider. ‘India  First’  has been a stated policy of the Government of Maldives (GoM). Recent high-level exchanges:- Prime Minister Modi attended the inauguration ceremony of President Ibrahim Mohamed Solih on 17 Nov 2018 as the only HoS/HoG. Foreign Minister Abdulla Shahid paid an Official Visit to India in Nov 2018. Trade:- India and Maldives signed a trade agreement in 1981, which provides for the export of essential commodities. Growing from modest beginnings, India-Maldives bilateral trade in 2020 stood at US$ 213.91 million with trade balance heavily in favour of India. Defence Cooperation:- India provides the largest number of training opportunities for the Maldivian National Defence Force (MNDF), meeting around 70% of their defence training requirements. (India-Maldives Defence Relation) A Comprehensive Action Plan for Defence was also signed in April 2016. Tourism:- India remained the top market for Maldives tourism in 2022 dominating over 14% with 240,000 arrivals. Operations in Maldives:- Operation Cactus 1988: Under Operation Cactus the Indian Armed Forces have helped the government of Maldives in the neutralization of the coup attempt. Operation Neer 2014: Under Operation Neer India supplied drinking water to Maldives to deal with the drinking water crisis. Operation Sanjeevani: India supplied 6.2 tonnes of essential medicines to Maldives, under Operation Sanjeevani as assistance in the fight against COVID-19.  MUST READ: India-Maldives relations SOURCE: THE INDIAN EXPRESS PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) In which one of the following groups are all four countries members of G20? (2020) Argentina Mexico, South Africa and Turkey. Australia Canada, Malaysia and New Zealand Brazil, Iran, Saudi Arabia and Vietnam Indonesia Japan Singapore and South Korea Q.2) Consider the following in respect of the Indian Ocean Naval Symposium (IONS): Inaugural IONS was held in India in 2015 under the chairmanship of the Indian Navy. IONS is a voluntary initiative that seeks to increase maritime co-operation among navies of the littoral states of the Indian Ocean Region. Which of the above statements is/are correct? (2016) 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 One Vehicle One FASTag Syllabus Prelims –GOVERNMENT SCHEMES Context: Recently, NHAI took the ‘One Vehicle One FASTag’ Initiative to Enhance the National Highway Experience. Background:- NHAI is encouraging FASTag users to complete ‘Know Your Customer’ (KYC) process of their latest FASTag by updating KYC as per RBI guidelines. FASTags with valid balances but with incomplete KYC will get deactivated/blacklisted by banks post 31st January 2024. NHAI has taken this initiative after the recent reports of multiple FASTags being issued for a particular vehicle and FASTags being issued without KYC in violation of RBI’s mandate. About One Vehicle One FASTag:- Launched: December 1, 2019. Ministry: Ministry of Road Transport & Highways. Objective: To enhance the efficiency of the Electronic Toll Collection system and provide seamless movement at the Toll Plazas. Salient Features:- The scheme is a unified electronic system across the country. It ensures that all the vehicles will be able to travel across the nation without worrying about paying cash at the toll plazas. FASTag is a reloadable tag that allows automatic deduction of toll without having to stop. The tag is linked to a prepaid account from which the applicable toll amount is deducted The tag uses radio frequency identification(RFID) technology and is fixed on the windscreen of the vehicle once active. The main aim of the FASTag scheme is to digitally integrate the collection of toll plazas and provide the seamless mobility of vehicles across India. The government initiated this FASTag scheme to overcome the current challenges in the imprint and track mechanism for the GST E-Way Bill system (EWB), which enhances the efficiency of its monitoring. Benefits:- It reduces air pollution and will also reduce the use of paper. ( National Common Mobility Card (NCMC)) It will also reduce the toll payment hassles and provide analytics for better highway management. It will also provide ease of payment as there will be no need to carry cash for the toll transactions.  MUST READ: FASTag Mandatory For All Vehicles SOURCE: PIB PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) With reference to Central Bank digital currencies, consider the following statements: (2023) It is possible to make payments in a digital currency without using the US dollar or the SWIFT system. A digital currency can be distributed with a condition programmed into it such as a timeframe for spending it. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2) In India, the term “Public Key Infrastructure” is used in the context of (2020) Digital security infrastructure Food security infrastructure Health care and education infrastructure Telecommunication and transportation infrastructure India Post Payments Bank Syllabus Prelims –GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES Context: Recently, India Post Payments Bank Celebrated a Milestone Achievement of Eight Crore Customers. Background:- Since its inception, the IPPB has been dedicated to providing accessible and affordable banking solutions to

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   Digi Yatra Syllabus Prelims –GOVERNANCE Context: Recently, there was a surge in complaints from passengers using various airports about the “coercive and deceptive” manner in which both private staff and CISF personnel were enrolling them for Digi Yatra. Background:- In December 2023, as air travel peaked in the holiday season, it was found that security personnel and private staff were collecting facial biometrics at airport entry gates without the consent or knowledge of passengers for the Digi Yatra app. About Digi Yatra:- DigiYatra is an industry-led initiative that uses facial recognition technology to make terminal entry & security clearance at the airport a seamless, hassle-free, and paperless process. DigiYatra is a decentralised mobile-based ID storage platform where air travellers can save their IDs and travel documents. Introduced by the Ministry of Civil Aviation (MOCA) and DigiYatra Foundation. This platform is the next step towards creating a digitally empowered society. DigiYatra enables the automatic digital processing of flyers with the benefit of reduced wait time. It makes the boarding process faster and more seamless. DigiYatra is built on four pillars, including connected passengers, connected flying, connected airports, and connected systems. It ensures easy entry at all checkpoints. It is a paperless entry at airports using facial recognition software. It results in lower-cost operations. Significance:- Facial recognition technology is beneficial as it makes flying more convenient and reduces congestion at airports. Enhance security standards and improve current system performance.  MUST READ: Digital India Programme SOURCE: THE HINDU PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) With reference to Central Bank digital currencies, consider the following statements: (2023) It is possible to make payments in a digital currency without using the US dollar or the SWIFT system. A digital currency can be distributed with a condition programmed into it such as a timeframe for spending it. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2) Consider the following (2022) Aarogya Setu CoWIN Digi Locker DIKSHA Which of the above are built on top of open-source digital platforms? 1 and 2 only 2, 3 and 4 only 1, 3 and 4 only 1, 2, 3 and 4 Foreign Contribution Regulation Act (FCRA) Syllabus Prelims –POLITY Context: Recently, the Home Ministry cancelled the Foreign Contribution Regulation Act (FCRA) registration of the Centre for Policy Research. Background:- One of the reasons cited is that the institute published reports on “current affairs programmes”, which is a violation of the Act. About the Foreign Contribution Regulation Act (FCRA):- The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) is responsible for regulating FCRA in India. The Foreign Contribution Regulation Act (FCRA) was enacted during the Emergency in 1976 amid apprehensions that foreign powers were interfering in India’s affairs. The law sought to regulate foreign donations to individuals and associations so that they functioned “in a manner consistent with the values of a sovereign democratic republic”. The FCRA was amended in 2010 and 2020 by the government to give tighter control and scrutiny over the receipt and utilization of foreign funds by NGOs. Definition of foreign contribution:- It defines the term ‘foreign contribution’ to include currency, articles other than gifts for personal use and securities received from foreign sources. While foreign hospitality refers to any offer from a foreign source to provide foreign travel, boarding, lodging, transportation or medical treatment cost. FCRA Registration:- NGOs that want to receive foreign funds must apply online in a prescribed format with the required documentation. FCRA registrations are granted to individuals or associations that have definite cultural, economic, educational, religious, and social programs. Following the application by the NGO, the MHA makes inquiries through the Intelligence Bureau into the antecedents of the applicant and accordingly processes the application. FCRA Exceptions and Prohibitions:- Prohibited Categories: Foreign donations are not permitted for candidates during elections, journalists, media broadcast companies, judges, government servants, members of the legislature, political parties or their office-bearers, and organizations of a political nature. Eligibility Criteria: Applicants must not be fictitious, prosecuted for conversion activities, involved in creating communal tension or disharmony, or engaged in the propagation of sedition. Significance:– The Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act (FCRA) plays a crucial role in regulating foreign donations in India. It ensures the utilization of foreign funds for legitimate purposes, prevention of activities detrimental to the national interest, and maintaining transparency and accountability. (New Foreign Trade Policy)  MUST READ: FCRA Changes: Ease of Monitoring vs Crippling Curbs SOURCE: THE HINDU  PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Convertible Bonds, consider the following statements: (2022) As there is an option to exchange the bond for equity, Convertible Bonds pay a lower rate of interest. The option to convert to equity affords the bondholder a degree of indexation to rising consumer prices. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2) With reference to the Indian economy, consider the following statements: (2022) An increase in Nominal Effective Exchange Rate (NEER) indicates the appreciation of the rupee. An increase in the Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER) indicates an improvement in trade competitiveness. An increasing trend in domestic inflation relative to inflation in other countries is likely to cause an increasing divergence between NEER and REER. Which of the above statements is correct? 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 National Essential Diagnostics List Syllabus Prelims –GOVERNANCE Context: Recently, ICMR started revising current National Essential Diagnostics List for the first time. Background:- The list contains the minimum diagnostic tests that should be available at healthcare facilities; ICMR asked stakeholders to submit suggestions on addition, deletion of tests by the end of February. About National Essential Diagnostics List:- It is a list that would provide guidance to the government for deciding the kind of diagnostic tests that different healthcare facilities in villages and remote areas require. The World Health Organisation (WHO) released the first edition of the Essential Diagnostics List (EDL) in May 2018. (National List

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   Namma Yatri Syllabus Prelims –ECONOMY/ GOVERNANCE Context: Recently, Namma Yatri debuted in Delhi with 10,000 auto drivers. Background:- This comes at a time when mobility has emerged as a significant contributor to transactions done through the Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC). About Namma Yatri:- Launched:2020. It was launched in Kochi as “Yatri” in 2020. Namma Yatri is the first open network mobility application built with the idea to provide multi-modal service to commuters without the involvement of any middlemen. Open mobility is an open network where any mode of transport can contribute to providing services to commuters thereby removing the dependency on any third-party organizations. Auto rickshaws are the first of the many service providers to join this mobility network. Any Auto driver can complete the KYC verification and start using Namma Yatri. (Uber drivers to be considered workers and not freelance contractors: UK Supreme Court) This application is built on the common network standards defined by ONDC built on the Beckn protocol (open source). The common network standards allow for interoperability for any buyer app compliant with the network standards to offer rides. Namma Yatri family of apps currently operates in seven cities in the ONDC network. It is backed by Juspay, and it serves over 1.7 lakh drivers and over 40 lakh customers. The app claims drivers have earned ₹350 crore commission-free till date. The app charges subscription fee for drivers at ₹25 per day for unlimited trips or ₹3.5 per trip  MUST READ: Urban Mobility Expansion SOURCE: BUSINESS LINE  PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Consider the following actions: (2023) Detection of car crash/ collision which results in the deployment of airbags almost instantaneously. Detection of accidental free fall of a laptop towards the ground which results in the immediate turning off of the hard drive. Detection of the tilt of the smartphone which results in the rotation of display between portrait and landscape mode. In how many of the above actions is the function of the accelerometer required? Only one Only two All three None Q.2)  In India under cyber insurance for individuals, which of the following benefits are generally covered, in addition to payment for the loss of funds and other benefits? (2020) Cost of restoration of the computer system in case of malware disrupting access to one’s computer Cost of a new computer if some miscreant wilfully damages it, if proven so Cost of hiring a specialized consultant to minimize the loss in case of cyber extortion Cost of defense in the Court of Law if any third party files a suit Select the correct answer using the code given below: 1, 2, and 4 only 1, 3, and 4 only 2 and 3 only 1, 2, 3 and 4 Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-Kisan) scheme Syllabus Prelims –GOVERNMENT SCHEMES Context: According to the recently data, every fourth beneficiary added under the Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-Kisan) scheme over the past two months is a woman. Background:- The new beneficiaries were added to the scheme under the Viksit Bharat Sankalp Yatra (VBSY), the Centre’s flagship initiative to raise awareness on its schemes. About Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-Kisan) scheme:- Launched: 2018. Ministry: Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare. Objectives:- To supplement the financial needs of small and marginal farmers by procuring various inputs related to agriculture and allied activities. To give a boost to rural consumption. To augment government efforts with the aim of doubling farmers’ income by 2022. Salient Features:- PM Kisan is a Central Sector scheme with 100% funding from the Government of India. It has become operational from 12.2018. Under the scheme income support of 6,000/- per year in three equal instalments is provided to all land-holding farmer families. The definition of family for the scheme is husband, wife and minor children. State Government and UT administration will identify the farmer families which are eligible for support as per scheme guidelines. The fund will be directly transferred to the bank accounts of the beneficiaries. SCHEME EXCLUSION:- The following categories of beneficiaries of higher economic status shall not be eligible for benefits under the scheme. All Institutional Landholders. Farmer families which belong to one or more of the following categories: Former and present holders of constitutional posts Former and present Ministers/ State Ministers and former/present Members of LokSabha/ RajyaSabha/ State Legislative Assemblies/ State Legislative Councils,former and present Mayors of Municipal Corporations, former and present Chairpersons of District Panchayats. All serving or retired officers and employees of Central/ State Government Ministries /Offices/Departments and its field units Central or State PSEs and Attached offices /Autonomous Institutions under Government as well as regular employees of the Local Bodies(Excluding Multi Tasking Staff /Class IV/Group D employees). All superannuated/retired pensioners whose monthly pension is Rs.10,000/-or more. (Excluding Multi Tasking Staff / Class IV/Group D employees) of the above category. All Persons who paid Income Tax in the last assessment year Professionals like Doctors, Engineers, Lawyers, Chartered Accountants, and Architects registered with Professional bodies and carrying out their profession by undertaking practices. Significance:- It provides support to small and marginal farmers who are largely involved in subsistence farming and struggle to invest in agriculture inputs or technology. It will boost rural consumption and be positive for agriculture and allied sectors. Cash transfer programmes are an important tool for social protection and poverty reduction.  MUST READ: Digital Platform Kisan Sarathi SOURCE: THE INDIAN EXPRESS  PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Consider the following statements: (2023) The Government of India provides Minimum Support Price for niger( Guizotia aoyssinica) seeds. Niger is cultivated as a Kharif crop. Some tribal people in India use niger seed oil for cooking. How many of the above statements are correct? Only one Only two All three None Q.2) Which of the following activities constitute a real sector in the economy? (2022) Farmers harvesting their crops Textile mills converting raw cotton into fabrics A commercial bank lending money to a trading company A corporate body issuing Rupee Denominated Bonds overseas 1

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   Yen green bonds Syllabus Prelims –ECONOMY Context: Recently, REC Limited issued the first Japanese Yen green bonds worth JPY 61.1 billion. Background:- REC Limited, a Maharatna Central Public Sector Enterprise (CPSE) under the Ministry of Power, has achieved a significant milestone by issuing its inaugural Japanese Yen (JPY) 61.1 billion (approximately Rs 3,500 crore) green bonds. About Yen green bonds:- It is REC Limited’s eleventh venture into the international bond market and inaugural Yen Bond issuance, which is also the first Yen Green Bond issuance by any Indian PSU. These bonds, part of the $ 10 billion global medium-term notes programme, span 5-year, 5.25-year, and 10-year tenures. Proceeds from the bond issuance will be dedicated to financing eligible green projects, adhering to REC Limited’s green finance framework, Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI) external commercial borrowings guidelines, and relevant approvals. It is the first Yen Green Bond issuance by any Indian PSU. It is the largest ever Euro-Yen issuance in South and South East Asia. It is the largest Yen-denominated issuance from India. It is the largest non-sovereign Yen-denominated issuance ever from South and South East Asia. About  green bonds:- Green bonds are financial instruments designed to raise capital specifically for projects that have positive environmental and/or climate benefits. Green bonds function similarly to regular bonds, offering fixed or variable interest rates to investors. However, the key difference lies in the use of proceeds. They offer investors a platform to engage in good practices, influencing the business strategy of bond issuers. Benefits:- Positive Impact on Environment Attracts Investment Alternative to Bank Loan: Green bonds are also an effective tool in driving down the cost of capital and reducing asset-liability mismatches. MUST READ: Sovereign Green Bonds (SGB) SOURCE: BUSINESS STANDARD PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Which one of the following best describes the term “greenwashing”? (2022) Conveying a false impression that a company’s products are eco-friendly and environmentally sound Non-inclusion of ecological/ environmental costs in the Annual Financial Statements of a country Ignoring the consequences of disastrous ecological while infrastructure development undertaking Making mandatory provisions for environmental costs in a government project/programme Q.2) With reference to the India economy, what are the advantages of “Inflation-Indexed Bonds (IIBs)”? (2022) Government can reduce the coupon rates on its borrowing by way of IIBs. IIGs provide protection to the investors from uncertainty regarding inflation. The interest received as well as capital gains on IIBs are not taxable. Which of the statements given above are correct? 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Scheme for Residential Education for Meritorious Scheduled Caste (SC) Students (SHRESHTA) Scheme Syllabus Prelims –GOVERNMENT SCHEMES Context: Recently, the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) issued instructions for Residential Private Schools interested in joining the Scheme for Residential Education for Meritorious Scheduled Caste (SC) Students (SHRESHTA). Background:- According to the official notification, eligible schools must be private residential institutions affiliated with CBSE up to class 12, operational for at least 5 years, and boasting a pass percentage of 75 or more in class 10 and 12 over the last 3 years. About SHRESHTA Scheme:- Launched: December, 2021. Ministry: Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment. Objective: for the purpose of providing seats for the meritorious SC boys and girls in the best private residential schools in the country. Salient Features:- This scheme was launched for Scheduled Castes, as they have faced historical injustices in a hierarchical society and education is the most powerful tool to empower them as a community. The scheme will provide a level playing field to the poor and meritorious SC students. It aims to enhance the reach of development Intervention of the Government and to fill the gap in service-deficient SCs dominant areas, in the sector of education through the efforts of grant-in-aid institutions (run by NGOs) and residential high schools offering high-quality education and provide the environment for socio-economic upliftment and overall development of the Scheduled Castes (SCs). (New National Education Policy) Modes of implementation:- The scheme is being implemented in two Modes:- SHRESHTA schools:- Under this, each year a specified number of meritorious SC students in States/UTs will be selected through the National Entrance Test for SHRESHTA (NETS) to be conducted by the National Testing Agency (NTA). These would be admitted to the best private residential schools affiliated by the CBSE/State Board in classes 9th and 11th for completion of education till 12th standard. Selection of schools: Best performing CBSE-based private residential schools, having more than 75% pass percentage for classes 10 and 12 for the last three years are selected by a Committee for admission of selected students. Eligibility/Selection of students: Approx 3000 (1500 for 9th class and 1500 for class 11th tentative) SC students, whose parent’s annual income is up to 2.5 lakh, are selected every year under the Scheme through a national-level test conducted by the National Testing Agency (NTA). The choices of schools shall be offered to the students in accordance with their merit. (Education & Nation Building) NGO/VO-operated Schools/Hostels: These include EXISTING COMPONENT, Guidelines hereinafter applicable only for Mode 2 of the Scheme, Schools/Hostels. These are run by VOs/NGOs and other organizations having higher classes (up to class 12) and who have been receiving Grant-in-aid will be continued, subject to satisfactory performance. MUST READ:  Gender gap in education SOURCE: FREE PRESS JOURNAL PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Which of the following is/are the aim/aims of the “Digital India” Plan of the Government of India? (2018) Formation of India’s own Internet companies like China did. Establish a policy framework to encourage overseas multinational corporations that collect Big Data to build their large data centers within our national geographical boundaries. Connect many of our villages to the Internet and bring Wi-Fi to many of our schools, public places, and major tourist centres. Select the correct answer using the code given below: 1 and 2 only 3 only 2 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.2) What is the aim of the programme ‘Unnat Bharat Abhiyan’? (2017) Achieving 100% literacy by promoting collaboration between voluntary organizations the government’s education system and

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT) Syllabus Prelims –GOVERNMENT SCHEMES Context: Recently, the Prime Minister laid the foundation stone of 8 AMRUT (Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation) projects in Maharashtra. Background:- Shri Modi dedicated to the nation more than 90,000 houses completed under PMAY-Urban in Maharashtra and 15,000 houses of Raynagar Housing Society in Solapur, whose beneficiaries comprise thousands of handloom workers, vendors, power loom workers, rag pickers, Bidi workers, drivers, among others. He also initiated the distribution of 1st and 2nd instalments to 10,000 beneficiaries of PM-SVANIDHI in Maharashtra during the programme. About AMRUT:- Launched: June 2015. Ministry: Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs. Objectives: – Ensure that every household has access to a tap with an assured supply of water and a sewerage connection. Increase the amenity value of cities by developing greenery and well-maintained open spaces (e.g. parks). Reduce pollution by switching to public transport or constructing facilities for non-motorized transport (e.g. walking and cycling). All these outcomes are valued by citizens, particularly women, and indicators and standards have been prescribed by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA ) in the form of Service Level Benchmarks (SLBs). Salient Features:- Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT), the first focused national water Mission was launched to facilitate ease of living for citizens in 500 cities by providing tap connections and sewer connections. It is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme. Under AMRUT, project funds have been earmarked for the entire Mission period. The AMRUT Mission consists of the following major components:- Capacity building Reform implementation Water supply and management of sewerage and septage Drainage of stormwater Improvement in urban transport facilities Development of green spaces and parks. The focus of the Mission is on infrastructure creation that has a direct link to the provision of better services to the citizens. Coverage: The Mission covers 500 cities including all cities and towns with a population of over one lakh with notified Municipalities. AMRUT 2.0 will focus on enhancing sewerage and septic management and making all Indian cities water secure. Coverage: The Amrut 2.0 will extend coverage from 500 cities under the first phase to 4,700 cities and towns.  MUST READ: Green future for Indian cities SOURCE: PIB  PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Consider the following statements in the context of interventions being undertaken under the Anaemia Mukt Bharat Strategy: (2023) It provides prophylactic calcium supplementation for preschool children, adolescents and pregnant women. It runs a campaign for delayed cord clamping at the time of childbirth. It provides for periodic deworming to children and adolescents. It addresses non-nutritional causes of anaemia in endemic pockets with a special focus on malaria, hemoglobinopathies and fluorosis. How many of the statements given above are correct? Only one Only two Only three All four Q.2) Consider the following statements in relation to Janani Suraksha Yojana: (2023) It is a safe motherhood intervention of the State Health Departments. Its objective is to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality among poor pregnant women. It aims to promote institutional delivery among poor pregnant women. Its objective includes providing public health facilities to sick infants up to one year of age. How many of the statements given above are correct? Only one Only two Only three All four Ayush Diksha Syllabus Prelims –GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES Context: Recently, the Foundation Stone Laying Ceremony for the construction of ‘Ayush Diksha’ will be held on 20th January 2024. Background:- The Ceremony will be held at Central Ayurveda Research Institute (CARI), Bharatpur, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha. About Ayush Diksha:- Ministry: Ministry of Ayush. Ayush Diksha is a Human Resource Development Centre of the Government of India’, of Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences. The Ayush Diksha project with an approved budget of Rs.30 crore will promote state-of-the-art facilities. The construction will consist of two Auditoriums with a capacity of 30-40 trainees each, 40 Central Air Conditioned Rooms with attached bathrooms for apprentice accommodation, and VIP and VIP suites. An area dedicated to a natural library and discussion room, adequate parking space, Modular pantry, dining lounges and other necessary facilities are included. The Institute will provide a teaching training programme to all the stakeholders of Ayush in general and Ayurveda in particular at the national level. (AYUSH Health and Wellness Centers (HWC)) It will also help in collaborating with other national institutions for capacity development, strengthening human resources in Ayurveda, facilitating research and development, maintaining high-quality standards and generating revenue besides achieving self-sufficiency.  MUST READ: Ayush Mark Certification Scheme SOURCE: PIB PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Atal Innovation Mission is set up under the (2019) Department of Science and Technology Ministry of Labour and Employment NITI Aayog Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship Q.2) ‘SWAYAM’, an initiative of the Government of India, aims at (2016) promoting the Self Help Groups in rural areas providing financial and technical assistance to young start-up entrepreneurs promoting the education and health of adolescent girls providing affordable and quality education to the citizens for free Mahayogi Vemana Syllabus Prelims –HISTORY Context: Recently, the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi has paid tributes to Mahayogi Vemana on the occasion of Vemana Jayanti. Background:- The Prime Minister posted on x: “Today, on Vemana Jayanti, we recall the timeless wisdom of Mahayogi Vemana. His verses and profound teachings continue to enlighten and inspire, guiding us towards a life of truth, simplicity, and inner peace. His insightful works resonate all around the world and his teachings light our path in the quest for a better planet.” About Mahayogi Vemana:- He was a saint in Andhra Pradesh. Vemana was born in Gandikota, Kadapa district in Andhra Pradesh. He was an Indian philosopher and poet in the Telugu language. He was an achala Yogi, Poet, Social Reformer. His poems are known for their use of simple language and native idioms. They discuss the subjects of yoga, wisdom and morality. His poems follow various themes: social, moral, satirical and mystical. Most of them are in Ataveladi (dancing lady) meter. Notable works:- vemana satakam

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   Post Office Act, 2023 Syllabus Prelims –POLITY/ GOVERNANCE Context: The Post Office Act, 2023 was enacted recently. Background:- On December 24, 2023, the President of India gave assent to the Post Office Bill, 2023 which will replace the colonial-era Indian Post Office Act, 1898, as and when a notification to this effect is issued by the central government. About Post Office Act, 2023:- Enacted: December 2023. Objectives:- To modernize and enhance the efficiency of the Postal Department. Addresses the evolving role of post offices, transforming them into service-delivery institutions and expanding their functions to include banking facilities. To adapt to the changing demands of the digital era, ensuring that postal services remain relevant and effective. To broaden the authority of the Director General of Postal Services beyond mail services. Salient Features:- The Bill replaces the Indian Post Office Act, 1898. The Act regulates India Post, a departmental undertaking of the central government. The government will not have exclusive privilege over conveying letters. Services to be provided by India Post will be prescribed under the Rules. The Director General of Postal Services will be appointed to head India Post. He will have powers to make regulations on various matters including tariffs for services and supply of postage stamps. The government may intercept an article transmitted through India Post on specified grounds, including security of the state and public order. India Post will not incur any liability with regard to its services, except any liability prescribed through Rules. Key Issues:- The Bill does not specify procedural safeguards for interception of articles transmitted through India Post. Lack of safeguards may violate freedom of speech and expression, and right to privacy of individuals. The grounds for interception include ‘emergency’, which may be beyond reasonable restrictions under the Constitution. The Bill exempts India Post from liability for lapses in postal services. Liability may be prescribed through Rules by the central government, which also administers India Post. This may lead to a conflict of interest. The Bill does not specify any offences and penalties. For instance, there are no consequences for the unauthorised opening of postal articles by a postal officer. This may have adverse implications for the right to privacy of consumers. MUST READ: Small savings schemes SOURCE: THE HINDU PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Consider the following statements in relation to Janani Suraksha Yojana : (2023) It is a safe motherhood intervention of the State Health Departments. Its objective is to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality among poor pregnant women. It aims to promote institutional delivery among poor pregnant women. Its objective includes providing public health facilities to sick infants up to one year of age. How many of the statements given above are correct? Only one Only two Only three All four Q.2) Regarding Digi Locker’, sometimes seen in the news, which of the following statements is/are correct? (2016) It is a digital locker system offered by the Government under the Digital India Programme. It allows you to access your e-documents irrespective of your physical location. Select the correct answer using the code given below. 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Arogya Maitri Disaster Management Cube Syllabus Prelims –GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES Context: Recently, Two Arogya Maitri Disaster Management Cube-BHISHM have been deployed in Ayodhya. Background:- The revolutionary mobile hospitals equipped with cutting-edge technology, have been deployed in Ayodhya to bolster medical readiness and response capabilities during the upcoming ‘Pran Pratishtha’ ceremony. This cube is a part of the broader initiative named “Project BHISHM” – Bharat Health Initiative for Sahyog, Hita and Maitri, is tailored to treat up to 200 casualties, emphasizing rapid response and comprehensive care. About Arogya Maitri Disaster Management Cube:- It is the world’s first portable hospital. It is designed indigenously under Project BHISHM (Bharat Health Initiative for Sahyog Hita and Maitri). The modular trauma management and aid system is made up of 72 detachable mini-cubes, each being a specialized station for emergency response and humanitarian efforts. The Aid Cube is equipped with several innovative tools designed to enhance disaster response and medical support during emergencies. It contains medical equipment and supplies such as a mini-ICU, an operation theatre, a cooking station, food, water, a power generator, blood test equipment, an X-ray machine, and more. It integrates Artificial Intelligence (AI) and data analytics to facilitate effective coordination, real-time monitoring, and efficient management of medical services in the field. In the face of mass casualty incidents (MCIs), where requirements range from basic aid to advanced medical and surgical care, the Aid Cube stands out with its ability to be deployed within an astonishing 12 minutes. These cubes are robust, waterproof, and light, designed for various configurations, making them ideal for diverse emergency scenarios. (Pradhan Mantri Janaushadhi Kendra (PMJK)) From airdrops to ground transportation, the cube can be rapidly deployed anywhere, ensuring immediate response capability. Advanced medical equipment, RFID-tagged for efficient repacking and redeployment, is a key feature of the Cube. The state-of-the-art BHISHM software system integrated into a provided tablet allows operators to locate items quickly, monitor their usage and expiry, and ensure readiness for subsequent deployments. Significance:- This swift deployment capability is crucial, as it effectively bridges the crucial time gap from primary care to definitive care, potentially saving numerous lives in the golden hour of emergencies.  MUST READ:  Ayushman Bharat PMJAY SOURCE: PIB  PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Consider the following statements in the context of interventions being undertaken under the Anaemia Mukt Bharat Strategy : (2023) It provides prophylactic calcium supplementation for preschool children, adolescents and pregnant women. It runs a campaign for delayed cord clamping at the time of childbirth. It provides for periodic deworming to children and adolescents. It addresses non-nutritional causes of anaemia in endemic pockets with a special focus on malaria, hemoglobinopathies and fluorosis. How many of the statements given above are correct? Only one Only two Only three All four Q.2) Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the Maternity Benefit Amendment Act, 2017? (2019) Pregnant