rakesh12343@gmail.com

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana-National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM) Syllabus Prelims –GOVERNMENT SCHEMES/ INITIATIVES Context: Recently, the Ministry of Rural Development signed a MoU with Reliance Retail’s JioMart, to onboard  Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana-National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM’s) SHGs. Background:- The Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Reliance Retail’s JioMart towards its efforts to help enhance the outreach of the products of Self-Help Groups (SHGs) of Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana-National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM) thereby empowering the rural SHG artisans. About Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana-National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM):- Launched: June 2011. Ministry: Ministry of Rural Development. Objective: to reduce poverty by enabling the poor household to access gainful self-employment and skilled wage employment opportunities resulting in sustainable and diversified livelihood options for the poor. The Mission seeks to reach out to around 10 Crore rural poor households in a phased manner by 2022-23 and impact their livelihoods significantly. Historical Background:- The Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana-National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM) was launched in 2011 by the Government of India by restructuring the erstwhile Swarnajayanti Grameen Swarojgar Yojana (SGSY). The new programme design was based on the experiences gained from the large-scale community-based projects in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Bihar, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. In November 2015, the program was renamed Deendayal Antayodaya Yojana (DAY-NRLM). Salient Features:- DAY-NRLM is a flagship poverty alleviation program of the Government of India. It is the world’s largest initiative to improve the livelihoods of the rural poor. Values:- Inclusion of the poorest, and meaningful role to the poorest in all the processes. Transparency and accountability of all processes and institutions Ownership and key role of the poor and their institutions in all stages – planning, implementation, and monitoring Community self-reliance and self-dependence Components of mission:- The Mission seeks to achieve its objective through investing in four core components:- Social mobilization and promotion and strengthening of self-managed and financially sustainable community institutions of the rural poor: At least one woman member from each identified rural poor household, is to be brought under the Self Help Group (SHG) network in a time-bound manner. Financial inclusion of the rural poor:- It works on both the demand and supply sides of financial inclusion. On the demand side, it promotes financial literacy among the poor and provides catalytic capital to the SHGs and their federations. Sustainable livelihoods: NRLM focuses on stabilizing and promoting the existing livelihood portfolio of the poor through its three pillars: vulnerability reduction, livelihood enhancement and employment. Social inclusion, social development and convergence:- NRLM places a high emphasis on convergence with other programmes of the MoRD and other Central Ministries. MUST READ: Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyay SOURCE: PIB  PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the Maternity Benefit Amendment Act, 2017? (2019) Pregnant women are entitled to three months of pre-delivery and three months of post-delivery paid leave. Enterprises with creches must allow the mother a minimum of six creche visits daily. Women with two children get reduced entitlements. Select the correct answer using the code given below. 1 and 2 only 2 only 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.2) The Multi-dimensional Poverty Index developed by Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative with UNDP support covers which of the following? (2012) Deprivation of education, health, assets and services at the household level Purchasing power parity at the national level Extent of budget deficit and GDP growth rate at the national level Select the correct answer using the codes given below: 1 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 National Programme on Anganwadi-cum-Crèche Syllabus Prelims –GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES Context: A National Level Programme on Anganwadi-Cum-Crèche Under Palna was held at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi recently. Background:- It was to release the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) of the scheme. About National Programme on Anganwadi-cum-Crèche:- Launched: 2023. Ministry: Ministry of Women and Child Development. Objective: the central aim of Anganwadi-cum- Crèches is to meet the demand for quality childcare facilities and enable women to actively participate in the workforce. Salient Features:- The Anganwadi-Cum- Crèche initiative under the Palna Scheme underwent revisions and was included as part of the Samarthya sub-component of Mission Shakti, starting from April 2022. The government has expanded childcare services through Anganwadi cum Crèche (AWCC) as part of the Palna scheme, a sub-component of Mission Shakti. Palna scheme: it is intended to offer a safe and secure environment for the children of working women to function as a catalyst for increasing female labour force participation. Its objectives are:- To provide day-care facilities for children (6 months to 6 years) of working mothers in the community. To improve the nutrition and health status of children. To promote physical, cognitive, social and emotional development (Holistic Development) of children. To educate and empower parents /caregivers for better childcare. The scheme will provide an integrated package of the following services: Daycare Facilities including Sleeping Facilities. Early Stimulation for children below 3 years and preschool education for 3 to 6 years old children. Supplementary Nutrition (to be locally sourced) Growth Monitoring. Health Check-up and Immunization. Palna is a Mission Shakti sub-scheme. Mission Shakti: it is the Government of India’s Integrated Women Empowerment Programme. It was launched as an Umbrella Scheme for Women’s Safety, Security, and Empowerment, with implementation dates from 2021-22 to 2025-26. The Ministry of Women and Child Development has established a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for the administration and execution of the AWCC scheme to enable states and districts to operationalize Palna. AWCC aims to provide high-quality crèche services in a safe and secure setting for children aged 6 months to 6 years. Anganwadi facilities are the world’s greatest childcare institutions, committed to providing children with vital care and assistance. The government aims to establish 17,000 Crèches under the Palna scheme. Two additional Crèche workers and helpers will be deployed along with existing Anganwadi workers and helpers under the Palna scheme. (Mid-day Meal (MDM) scheme) The program emphasizes the role of

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita and Bharatiya Sakshya Bill 2023 Syllabus Prelims –POLITY/ GOVERNANCE Context: Recently, President Droupadi Murmu has given her assent to Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita and Bharatiya Sakshya Bill 2023. Background:- These three new criminal justice bills were passed by the Parliament. About Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita and Bharatiya Sakshya Bill 2023:- Key Provisions of Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, Bill 2023:- The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 replaced the Indian Penal Code (IPC), 1860, which is the principal law on criminal offences in the country. The new act adds community service as a form of punishment. (Section 153A of the Indian Penal Code (IPC)) For the first time terrorism has been defined in the criminal justice system. Sedition: Under the IPC, section 124-A deals with the offence of sedition and prescribes a sentence of life imprisonment or imprisonment which may extend to three years, to which a fine may be added. In the BNS Bill, provision 150 under the chapter pertaining to ‘offences against the State’ talks about acts endangering the sovereignty unity and integrity of India. The offence of defamation now carries a simple imprisonment of up to two years, or with a fine, or with both or with community service. For the first time capital punishment has been introduced for the offence of mob lynching apart from the offence being made punishable with 7 years of imprisonment or life imprisonment. Sexual exploitation of women on the pretext of marriage, job, promotions or by concealing identity will be considered a crime. Adultery: The new Bill omits the provision for the offence of Homosexuality: The new Bill does not include any punishment for ‘unnatural sexual offences against men’. Key Provisions of Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha (Second) Sanhita, 2023:- The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha (Second) Sanhita, 2023 has replaced the Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 (CrPC). The CrPC provides for the procedure for arrest, prosecution, and bail. Trials, appeal proceedings, and recording of depositions including those of public servants and police officers, may be held in electronic mode. The statement of the accused too can be recorded through video-conferencing. Summons, warrants, documents, police reports, and statements of evidence can be done in electronic form. The Bill adds electronic communication including “communication devices”. On the directions of a court or police officer, a person is required to produce any document/ device that is likely to contain digital evidence for the purpose of an inquiry. A police officer may be permitted to use handcuffs while arresting a person if he is a repeat offender who escaped from custody, or has committed an organized crime, terrorist act, offences against the state, etc. There is a provision on procedures for the timeframe to file mercy petitions in death sentence cases. A decision to grant or reject sanction to prosecute a public servant must be reached by the government within 120 days of receiving a request. If the government fails to do so, the sanction will be deemed to have been accorded. No sanction is required in cases including sexual offences, trafficking, etc. There are provisions for police to detain or remove any person resisting, refusing or ignoring, or disregarding directions given as part of preventive action. Key Provisions of Bharatiya Sakshya (Second) Bill, 2023:- The Bharatiya Sakshya (Second) Bill, 2023 replaced the Indian Evidence Act, 1872. The Act governs the admissibility of evidence in Indian Courts. It applies to all civil and criminal proceedings. It retains most provisions of the IEA including those on confessions, relevancy of facts, and burden of proof. The IEA provides for two kinds of evidence – documentary and oral. Documentary evidence includes primary (original documents) and secondary (that proves the contents of the original). It retains the distinction. It classifies electronic records as documents. Under the IEA, electronic records are categorized as secondary evidence. It classifies electronic records as primary evidence. It expands such records to include information stored in semiconductor memory or any communication devices (smartphones, laptops). It expands secondary evidence to include: (i) oral and written admissions, and (ii) the testimony of a person who has examined the document and is skilled in the examination of documents.  MUST READ: Rape and sexual crimes law in India SOURCE: AIR  PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) With reference to India, consider the following statements: (2022) When a prisoner makes out a sufficient case, parole cannot be denied to a such prisoner because it becomes a matter of his/her right. State Governments have their own Prisoners Release on Parole Rules. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2) With reference to India, consider the following statements: (2022) Judicial custody means an accused is in the custody of the concerned magistrate and such an accused is locked up in a police station, not in jail. During judicial custody, the police officer in charge of the case is not allowed to interrogate the suspect without the approval of the court. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Minimum Support Price (MSP) Syllabus Prelims – ECONOMY Context: Recently, the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs( CCEA) has approved the Minimum Support Price (MSP) for Copra for the 2024 season. Background:- Briefing media in New Delhi yesterday, Information and Broadcasting Minister Anurag Singh Thakur said, the MSP for the coming season is an increase of 300 rupees per quintal for milling copra and 250 rupees per quintal for ball copra over the previous season. About Minimum Support Price (MSP):- IMAGE SOURCE: AIR Minimum Support Price (MSP) is a form of market intervention by the Government of India to insure agricultural producers against any sharp fall in farm prices. The Cabinet Committee of Economic Affairs announces the MSP at the start of each sowing season, considering the recommendations of the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP). CACP is an attached office of the Ministry of

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) Syllabus Prelims –POLITY Context: Recently, President Droupadi Murmu has nominated Justice Sanjiv Khanna, the senior-most judge of the Supreme Court, as the Executive Chairperson of the National Legal Services Authority (NALSA). Background:- Justice Khanna would replace Justice SK Kaul who retired on December 25, 2023. About National Legal Services Authority (NALSA):- The National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) has been constituted under the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987. Objective: to provide free Legal Services to the weaker sections of the society and to organize Lok Adalats for amicable settlement of disputes. HQ: New Delhi. Hon’ble Dr Justice D. Y. Chandrachud, the Chief Justice of India is the Patron-in-Chief. The second senior-most judge of the Supreme Court of India is the Executive Chairman. NALSA is housed at the Supreme Court of India. In every State, the State Legal Services Authority has been constituted to give effect to the policies and directions of the NALSA and to give free legal services to the people and conduct Lok Adalats in the State. The State Legal Services Authority is headed by Hon’ble the Chief Justice of the respective High Court who is the Patron-in-Chief of the State Legal Services Authority. A Seniormost Judge of the High Court is nominated as Executive Chairman, SLSA. NALSA, through the State Legal Services Authorities, also conducts legal literacy programmes. Free legal services include:- Payment of court fees, process fees, and all other charges payable or incurred in connection with any legal proceedings; Providing the service of lawyers in legal proceedings; Obtaining and supply of certified copies of orders and other documents in legal proceedings. Preparation of appeal, paper book, including printing and translation of documents in legal proceedings. Persons eligible for free legal services include:- Women and children Members of SC/ST Industrial workmen Victims of mass disasters, violence, flood, drought, earthquake, and industrial disasters. Disabled persons. Persons in custody Persons whose annual income does not exceed Rs. 1 lakh (in the Supreme Court Legal Services Committee the limit is Rs. 5,00,000). Victims of trafficking in human beings or beggars. MUST READ: District Legal Services Authority SOURCE: THE TRIBUNE PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) With reference to India, consider the following statements: (2021) Judicial custody means an accused is in the custody of the concerned magistrate and such an accused is locked up in a police station, not in jail. During judicial custody, the police officer in charge of the case is not allowed to interrogate the suspect without the approval of the court. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2) With reference to the National Legal Services Authority, consider the following statements: (2013) Its objective is to provide free and competent legal services to the weaker sections of the society on the basis of equal opportunity. It issues guidelines for the State Legal Services Authorities to implement the legal programmes and schemes throughout the country. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Card-on-File Tokenization Syllabus Prelims –ECONOMY Context: Recently, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has enabled card-on-file tokenisation (CoFT) through card-issuing banks and institutions. Background:- It is to make digital payments more secure, safe and sound. About Card-on-File Tokenization:- The central bank introduced Card-on-File Tokenization (CoFT) in September 2021 and began implementation on October 1, 2022. Objective: to enhance convenience for cardholders in getting tokens created and linking them to their existing accounts with e-commerce applications. Tokenization is the replacement of actual credit and debit card details with an alternate code called the “token”, which will be unique for a combination of card, token requestor, and device. A CoF transaction occurs when a cardholder authorizes a retailer to store the cardholder’s Mastercard or Visa payment information. The cardholder then authorizes the business to charge the stored Mastercard or Visa account. Card information is typically stored in the systems of e-commerce companies, airlines, and supermarket chains. Significance: The move will facilitate the creation and linking of tokens to cardholders’ existing accounts with e-commerce applications. Benefits of tokenization:- Enhanced safety and security: It eliminates the risk of storing card details online and ensures the uncompromised convenience of storing customer’s token details on the merchant site. Quicker checkouts: Tokenized Mastercard will allow the convenience of quick checkouts as one doesn’t need to punch in the card number for each purchase. No more ‘False Declines’: Many times, legitimate online payments using valid cards are declined on the grounds of the transaction looking like a fraud. With tokenization, this becomes a thing of the past as the usage of tokens for payments confirms the security of the highest order. Easy card management: With tokenization, one can also keep track of all their cards and the merchants they have been tokenized with. No need for a physical card Added benefits: Tokenization also comes with cashback benefits when secured with platforms like Amazon, Paytm, Swiggy, etc MUST READ: Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC) SOURCE: BUSINESS STANDARD PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) With reference to the Indian economy, consider the following statements: If the inflation is too high, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is likely to buy government securities. If the rupee is rapidly depreciating, RBI is likely to sell dollars in the market. If interest rates in the USA or European Union were to fall, that is likely to induce RBI to buy dollars. Which of the statements given above are correct? (2022) 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.2) With reference to Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), consider the following statements: They enable the digital representation of physical assets. They are unique cryptographic tokens that exist on a blockchain. They can be traded or exchanged at equivalency and therefore can be used as a medium transactions of commercial Which of the statements given above are correct? (2022) 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Wang’s Garden Lizard Syllabus Prelims

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   NITI Ayog Syllabus Prelims –GOVERNANCE/ECONOMY Context: Recent studies by NITI Aayog show that the levy of 20-30% health tax on food high in sugar, salt, and fat. Background:- The study by Niti Aayog, studied the impact of imposing health taxes and warning labels on food products to encourage healthy eating practices. About NITI Aayog:- Establishment: 2015. HQ: New Delhi. Objective:- To evolve a shared vision of national development priorities, sectors and strategies with the active involvement of States. To foster cooperative federalism through structured support initiatives and mechanisms with the States on a continuous basis. To develop mechanisms to formulate credible plans at the village level and aggregate these progressively at higher levels of government. To ensure, in areas that are specifically referred to it, that the interests of national security are incorporated in economic strategy and policy. To focus on technology upgradation and capacity building for implementation of programmes and initiatives. To actively monitor and evaluate the implementation of programmes and initiatives. Salient Features:- NITI Aayog was formed via a resolution of the Union Cabinet on 1 January 2015. It replaced the Planning Commission which was a non-constitutional body formed in 1950. NITI Aayog is a state-of-the-art resource centre with the necessary knowledge and skills. It aims to enable it to act with speed, promote research and innovation, provide strategic policy vision for the government, and deal with contingent issues. It is supported by an attached office, the Development Monitoring and Evaluation Organisation (DMEO), a flagship initiative, Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) and an autonomous body, the National Institute of Labour Economics Research and Development (NILERD). Structure:- The Governing Council is the premier body tasked with evolving a shared vision of national priorities and strategies. The Governing Council of NITI Aayog, comprising Chief Ministers of all the States and Union Territories with legislatures and Lt Governors of other Union Territories. Functions and activities:- NITI Aayog’s entire gamut of activities can be divided into four main heads:- Policy and Programme Framework Cooperative Federalism Monitoring and Evaluation Think Tank, and Knowledge and Innovation Hub About Taxation on High Fat Sugar Salt (HFSS) foods:- According to the Ministry of Women and Child Development, HFSS foods may be defined as foods (any food or drink, packaged or non-packaged) which contain low amounts of proteins, vitamins, phytochemicals, minerals and dietary fibre but are rich in fat (saturated fatty acids), salt and sugar and high in energy (calories) that are known to have a negative impact on health if consumed regularly or in high amounts. The WHO and the Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER) recommend the FSSAI to clearly define High Fat Sugar Salt foods, ensuring transparency, and recommends a nutrient-based tax model. The tax on these foods is required due to:- Health Risks Economic Burden of Obesity in India which was $23 billion in 2017. Growing Consumption of such foods in India. Benefits of taxing HFSS foods:- Promotion of healthier food choices. Improved public health outcomes. Reduction of the burden on the health-care system. MUST READ: Report on National Nutrition Mission: NITI Aayog SOURCE: THE HINDU  PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Consider the following statements in relation to Janani Suraksha Yojana : (2023) It is a safe motherhood intervention of the State Health Departments. Its objective is to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality among poor pregnant women. It aims to promote institutional delivery among poor pregnant women. Its objective includes providing public health facilities to sick infants up to one year of age. How many of the statements given above are correct? Only one Only two Only three All four Q.2) Atal Innovation Mission is set up under the (2019) Department of Science and Technology Ministry of Labour and Employment NITI Aayog Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) Syllabus Prelims –GOVERNMENT SCHEMES Context: Recently it was announced that Aadhaar-linked pay will be made mandatory for Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) workers from the new year. Background:- From the New Year, wages under the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) will be paid only through an Aadhaar-based payment system (ABPS), which requires the Aadhaar details of workers to be seeded to their job cards. About Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS):- Launched: 2005. Ministry: Ministry of Rural Development (MRD). Objectives: improving the purchasing power of the rural people, primarily semi or unskilled work to people living below the poverty line in rural India. Salient Features:- The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), also known as Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MNREGS) is Indian legislation enacted on August 25, 2005. The MGNREGA provides a legal guarantee for one hundred days of employment in every financial year to adult members of any rural household willing to do public work-related unskilled manual work at the statutory minimum wage. The Ministry of Rural Development (MRD), Govt of India is monitoring the entire implementation of this scheme in association with state governments. It guarantees a hundred days of wage employment in a financial year, to a rural household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work. Individual beneficiary-oriented works can be taken up on the cards of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, small or marginal farmers or beneficiaries of land reforms or beneficiaries under the Indira Awaas Yojana of the Government of India. Within 15 days of submitting the application or from the day work is demanded, wage employment will be provided to the applicant. Right to get unemployment allowance in case employment is not provided within fifteen days of submitting the application or from the date when work is sought. Benefits:- MGNREGA focuses on the economic and social empowerment of women. (PM SVANidhi scheme) Social Audit of MGNREGA works is mandatory, which lends to accountability and transparency. MGNREGA works to address the climate change vulnerability. MUST READ: Issues with MGNREGA SOURCE: THE HINDU  PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Consider the following statements in

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   National Transit Pass System (NTPS) Syllabus Prelims –GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES Context: Recently, Minister Bhupendra Yadav launched the National Transit Pass System (NTPS). Background:- It is a unified system for forest goods’ transport across India. About National Transit Pass System:- Launched: 29 DEC 2023. Ministry: Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. Objective: to facilitate the seamless transit of timber, bamboo, and other forest produce across the country. Salient Features:- National Transit Pass System (NTPS) pan-India to facilitate the seamless transit of timber, bamboo, and other forest produce across the country. Currently, transit permits are issued for the transport of timber and forest produce based on state-specific transit rules. The NTPS is envisioned as a “One Nation-One Pass” regime, which will enable seamless transit across the country. (Green Tug Transition Programme) This initiative will streamline the issuance of timber transit permits by providing a unified, online mode for tree growers and farmers involved in agroforestry across the country, contributing to the ease of doing business. Key Features:- It is a role-based and workflow-based application available as a desktop-based web portal as well as a mobile application. Online registration and submission of the applications for Transit Permit (TP) or No Objection Certificate (NOC) through web portal and mobile app. Online application for Species grown on private land which are exempted from the transit pass regime and Online application submission for Species grown on private land which are not exempted from transit pass regime. Online generation of Transit Permit or NOC on the basis of category of species. E-payment system: Payment can be made online through the mobile app/web portal before downloading T.P. Benefits:- Expedite issuance of transit permits for timber, bamboo and other minor forest produce without physically going to forest offices. Replace manual paper-based transit system with online transit system. One permit for the whole of India for transit of timber, bamboo and other minor forest produce for ease of doing business. Seamless movement across state borders from origin to destination through the help of a Mobile App. (North-East Cane and Bamboo Development Council (NECBDC)) Promotion of agro-forestry activities. Saving of transportation costs and time .  MUST READ: National Rail Plan for Infrastructure Capacity Enhancement SOURCE: THE INDIAN EXPRESS PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1)Which one of the following best describes the term “greenwashing”? (2022) Conveying a false impression that a company’s products are eco-friendly and environmentally sound Non-inclusion of ecological/ environmental costs in the Annual Financial Statements of a country Ignoring the consequences of disastrous ecological while infrastructure development undertaking Making mandatory provisions for environmental costs in a government project/programme Q.2) With reference to organic farming in India, consider the following statements (2018) The National Programme for Organic Production (NPOP) is operated under the guidelines and ‘directions of the Union Ministry of Rural Development. ‘The Agricultural and Processed Food Product Export Development Authority ‘(APEDA) functions as the Secretariat for the implementation of NPOP. Sikkim has become India’s first fully organic State. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Goods and Services Tax (GST) Syllabus Prelims –ECONOMY Context: India’s Goods and Services Tax (GST) revenues crossed ₹1,64,800 crore in December 2023 as per recent reports. Background:- December’s GST kitty, for transactions undertaken in November 2023, is about 1.8% lower than the nearly ₹1.68 lakh crore collected a month earlier, which marked the third highest monthly receipts from the tax that was launched in July 2017. About Goods and Services Tax (GST):- Launched:2017. Ministry: Ministry of Finance. Historical Background:- The idea of a Goods and Services Tax (GST) for India was first mooted during the Prime Ministership of Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee. In March 2011, the Constitution (115th Amendment) Bill, 2011 was introduced in the Lok Sabha to enable the levy of GST. However, due to a lack of political consensus, the Bill lapsed after the dissolution of the 15th Lok Sabha in August 2013. On 19th December 2014, The Constitution (122nd Amendment) Bill 2014 was introduced in the Lok Sabha and was passed by Lok Sabha in May 2015. The Constitutional amendment was notified as Constitution (101st Amendment) Act 2016 on 8th September, 2016. The Constitutional amendment paved the way for the introduction of Goods and Services Tax in India. Salient Features:- Goods and Services Tax is an indirect tax used in India on the supply of goods and services. It is a value-added tax levied on most goods and services sold for domestic consumption. It was launched as a comprehensive indirect tax for the entire country. It is of three types:- CGST: levied by the Centre SGST: levied by the States and IGST: levied on all Inter-State supplies of goods and/or services. GST Council:- The 101st Amendment Act of 2016 (122nd Amendment Bill), paved the way for the implementation of GST. (GST Appellate Tribunal) The GST Council is a joint forum of the Centre and the states under Article 279-A of the constitution. Article 279-A. gives the President the authority to appoint a GST Council by executive order. The members of the Council include the Union Finance Minister (chairperson), and the Union Minister of State (Finance) from various states. As per Article 279, it is meant to “make recommendations to the Union and the states on important issues related to GST, like the goods and services that may be subjected or exempted from GST, model GST Laws”. It also decides on various rate slabs of GST. Benefits of GST:- Automated tax ecosystem: It helped the country in transitioning to an automated indirect tax ecosystem. Better Compliance: GST helped in achieving better tax compliance by subsuming multiple taxation and reducing in taxation burden in the last four years. E-invoice and More Revenue: The E-invoicing system helped reduce fake invoicing. Lesser transaction costs: After the introduction of GST, there has been a significant reduction in transaction costs. Cooperative Federalism: The customs portals are linked with the GST portal for credit availing on imports constitution of the GST Council and ensuring Centre-State partnership in the decision-making process. Challenges of GST:-

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   electronic Supreme Court Reports (e-SCR) project Syllabus Prelims –POLITY/GOVERNANCE Context: Recently, CJI announced the launch of the electronic Supreme Court Reports (e-SCR) project. Background:- In another step towards digitalization, Chief Justice of India (CJI) D Y Chandrachud announced the launch of the electronic Supreme Court Reports (e-SCR) project to provide free access to its about 34,000 judgements to lawyers, law students and the common public. About the electronic Supreme Court Reports (e-SCR) project:- The e-SCR Project is an initiative that will provide the digital version of the Supreme Court’s judgments in the manner as they are reported in the official law report – ‘Supreme Court Reports’. Objective: to bring in a positive change for the benefit of all the stakeholders of justice, primarily litigants and members of the Bar as well as the High Courts, National Law University, Judicial Academies, etc. The e-SCR project will showcase replica soft copies of SCRS by utilizing the verifiable authentic soft copies as available in the PF format. This project will take a step forward toward fulfilling the objective of digitization of the Indian Judiciary. The Supreme Court has developed a search engine with the help of the National Informatics Centre (NIC), which uses elastic search techniques in the database of e-SCR. The search facility in e-SCR provides several options, including free text search, search within search, case type and case year search, judge search, year and volume search, and bench strength search. These initiatives will provide easy access to the judgments of the apex court and facilitate research and understanding of legal matters. The deadline for head-noted judgments of 2022 to be made available online will provide greater transparency and accessibility to the Supreme Court’s work and decisions. With the launch of the e-SCR project, all judgments of the Supreme Court will be made available online within 24 hours. These judgments will be accessible on the Supreme Court’s mobile app and on the National Judicial Data Grid’s judgment portal. The NJDG portal is a national repository of data relating to cases instituted, pending, and disposed of by the courts across the length and breadth of the country. Advantages:- Reduction in the burden of travelling. Browsing through huge volumes of journals in libraries Enhancing its accessibility to those with visual disabilities.  MUST READ: Delegated Legislation SOURCE: THE ECONOMIC TIMES  PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) With reference to India, consider the following statements: Government law officers and legal firms are recognized as advocates, but corporate lawyers and patent attorneys are excluded from recognition as advocates. Bar Councils have the power to lay down the rules relating to legal education and recognition of law colleges. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (2022) 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2) With reference to India, consider the following statements: Judicial custody means an accused is in the custody of the concerned magistrate and such accused is locked up in police station, not in jail. During judicial custody, the police officer in charge of the case is not allowed to interrogate the suspect without the approval of the court. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (2021) 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Sagar Parikrama Syllabus Prelims –GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES Context: Recently, the 10th phase of Sagar Parikrama began from Chennai Port. Background:- The tenth phase of Sagar Parikrama began from Chennai Port today. Union Minister for Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying Parshottam Rupala and Union Minister of State Dr L. Murugan jointly inaugurated the mission which will travel through Nellore, Visakhapatnam and Srikakulam. About Sagar Parikrama:- Ministry: Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry & Dairying. First phase Began :5th March 2022 . First phase location: Mandvi, Gujarat. Organized by: Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying, and National Fisheries Development Board along with- Department of Fisheries, Government of Gujarat, Indian Coast Guard, Fishery Survey of India, Gujarat Maritime Board and Fishermen representatives. Objective: to address the challenges faced by fishers and stakeholders while uplifting their economic prospects through various fisheries schemes and programs, such as Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY) & and Kisan Credit Cards (KCC). Sagar Parikrama is a navigation journey to be conducted in all coastal states/UTs through a pre-decided sea route to demonstrate solidarity with all fisherfolk, fish farmers, and concerned stakeholders. It is envisioned as a part of ‘Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsava’ saluting our great freedom fighters, sailors, and fishers. The Parikrama shall be accompanied by the State Fisheries officials, Fishermen representatives, Fish-Farmers entrepreneurs, stakeholders, professionals, officials, and Scientists from across the nation. It is to be celebrated through a pre-decided sea route down right from Gujarat, Diu, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, West Bengal, Andaman & Nicobar and Lakshadweep Islands. The Sagar Parikrama Program is to have an interaction with fishermen, fisher communities, and stakeholders in these locations and districts. (Conserving Marine Resources) Significance:- The Sagar Parikrama Program is being celebrated as a part of the 75th “Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsava”. It is an initiative to know the problems of Coastal Fisherfolk. It will demonstrate solidarity with all fisherfolk, fish farmers, and concerned stakeholders  MUST READ:  Marine Spatial Planning Framework SOURCE: AIR  PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Consider the following statements regarding mercury pollution: (2023) Gold mining activity is a source of mercury pollution in the world. Coal-based thermal power plants cause mercury pollution. There is no known ·safe level of exposure to mercury. How many of the above statements are correct? Only one Only two All three None Q.2) Consider the following in respect of the Indian Ocean Naval Symposium (IONS): (2017) Inaugural IONS was held in India in 2015 under the chairmanship of the Indian Navy. IONS is a voluntary initiative that seeks to increase maritime cooperation among navies of the littoral states of the Indian Ocean Region. Which of the above statements is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Income Tax Returns Syllabus Prelims –ECONOMY Context: A Record 8.18 crore Income Tax Returns

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   New law against hit-and-run Syllabus Prelims –POLITY/ GOVERNANCE Context: Recently, the truck driver’s strike was called off after the government assured to keep the new law against hit and run on hold. Background:- Truck drivers’ associations have called off the three-day strike after the government assured to hold the new Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) replacing the Indian Penal Code. About the New law against hit-and-run:- The new law in Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita (BNS) under Section 106(2) replaces IPC Section 304A (causing death by negligence). It has more Severe Penalties. The Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita (BNS) was passed by Parliament in December 2023 and will replace the IPC. Under it, if a driver causes a serious road accident due to careless driving and then leaves without informing the police or any official, they could be punished with up to 10 years in jail and a fine of Rs 7 lakh. The BNS has established two distinct categories under the umbrella of “causing death by negligence.” First category: addresses causing death through any rash or negligent act that does not amount to culpable homicide. Offenders in this category may face imprisonment for up to five years and a fine. Second category: deals with causing death through rash and negligent driving, not amounting to culpable homicide. If the individual escapes without promptly reporting the incident to a police officer or magistrate, they could be subjected to up to 10 years of imprisonment and a fine. Need: According to the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, India recorded 1.51 lakh road deaths in 2019, of which 50,000 were due to hit-and-run incidents. Currently, the accused in hit-and-run cases are tried under Section 304A of the Indian Penal Code (IPC), which provides for penalties of up to two years in jail. Argument against it: Transport operators argue that the law may unfairly penalize drivers and could expose them to mob violence, especially when attempting to transport the injured to hospitals.  MUST READ: Road to Safety SOURCE: BUSINESS STANDARD  PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) With reference to India, consider the following statements: (2022) When a prisoner makes out a sufficient case, parole cannot be denied to a such prisoner because it becomes a matter of his/her right. State Governments have their own Prisoners Release on Parole Rules. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2) With reference to India, consider the following statements: (2022) Judicial custody means an accused is in the custody of the concerned magistrate and such an accused is locked up in a police station, not in jail. During judicial custody, the police officer in charge of the case is not allowed to interrogate the suspect without the approval of the court. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Bilateral Agreement on Prohibition of Attack on Nuclear Installations and Facilities Syllabus Prelims –INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Context: India, and Pakistan exchange a list of nuclear installations as per the Bilateral Agreement on Prohibition of Attack on Nuclear Installations and Facilities recently. Background:- It was done simultaneously through diplomatic channels in New Delhi and Islamabad. About Bilateral Agreement on Prohibition of Attack on Nuclear Installations and Facilities:- The agreement was signed on December 31, 1988, and came into force on January 27, 1991. The pact mandates the two countries to inform each other of nuclear installations and facilities to be covered under the agreement on January 1 of every calendar year. This is the 33rd consecutive exchange of such lists between the two countries. The agreement’s definition of ‘nuclear installation or facility’ is comprehensive, encompassing a broad range of facilities, including nuclear power and research reactors, fuel fabrication, uranium enrichment, isotope separation, reprocessing facilities, and establishments storing significant quantities of radioactive materials in various forms. Significance:- The Agreement stands as a pivotal diplomatic tool, fostering transparency, confidence, and a secure environment in the realm of nuclear capabilities between India and Pakistan. It reinforces stability and trust between the two nations. Current Issues in India-Pakistan Relations:- Cross Border Terrorism Indus Water Treaty Siachen Glacier(Challenges to secure India’s Land Borders) Sir Creek Reorganization of Jammu & Kashmir (Manasbal Lake, Kashmir)  MUST READ: The status of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty SOURCE: THE INDIAN EXPRESS  PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Consider the following pairs: Region often mentioned in the news:     Country Anatolia                                                     Turkey Amhara                                                      Ethiopia Cabo Delgado                                             Spain Catalonia                                                     Italy How many pairs given above are correctly matched? (2022) Only one pair Only two pairs Only three pairs All four pairs Q.2) When you travel in the Himalayas, you will see the following: (2012) Deep gorges U-turn river courses Parallel mountain ranges Steep gradients causing land sliding Which of the above can be said to be the evidence for the Himalayas being young fold mountains? 1 and 2 only 1, 2 and 4 only 3 and 4 only 1, 2, 3 and 4 World Braille Day Syllabus Prelims –IMPORTANT EVENTS Context: World Braille Day was celebrated across globe recently. Background:- On this occasion, National Institutes and Composite Regional Centres under the Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities are organizing several programs in the country. About World Braille Day:- This day marks the birthday of Louis Braille, the visionary inventor of the Braille script. He was born in France in 1809. The day also

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   Open Acreage Licensing Policy (OALP) Syllabus Prelims –GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES Context: Recently, Open Acreage Licensing Policy Bid Round-IX was launched. Background:- Contracts signed for 3 Coal Bed Methane Blocks awarded under Special CBM Bid Round- 2022. Contracts also signed for 10 blocks awarded under OALP Bid Round-VIII. About Open Acreage Licensing Policy (OALP):- Launched: June 2017 Ministry: Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas (MoPNG) Objective: to accelerate the Exploration and Production (E&P) activities in India. Salient Features:- Under HELP, Open Acreage Licensing (OALP) mechanism has been launched which allows the investors to carve out blocks of their choice by assessing E&P data available at NDR & by submitting an Expression of Interest (EoI). The Hydrocarbon Exploration and Licensing Policy (HELP) replaced the erstwhile New Exploration Licensing Policy (NELP) in March 2016. EOI can be submitted throughout the year without waiting for a formal bid round from the government. These blocks would be subsequently offered through a biannual formal bidding process. OALP would be manifested through the National Data Repository which will provide a rapid jumpstart to E&P activities by providing seamless access to the country’s entire G&G data for interpretation and analysis. NDR is a government-sponsored E&P data bank with state-of-the-art facilities and infrastructure for the preservation, upkeep and dissemination of data to enable its systematic use for future exploration and development. Benefits:- The OALP has helped remove red-tapism. It brought in a quantum jump in the Exploration and production sector.( India’s Transation away from Coal) MUST READ: Green Hydrogen SOURCE: PIB PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) With reference to green hydrogen, consider the following statements : (2023) It can be used directly as a fuel for internal combustion. It can be blended with natural gas and used as fuel for heat or power generation. It can be used in the hydrogen fud cell to run vehicles. How many of the above statements are correct? Only one Only two All three None Q.2) Consider the following statements with reference to India: (2023) According to the ‘Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development (MSMED) Act, 2006’, ‘medium enterprises’ are those with investments in plant and machinery between (‘ 15 crores and ’25 crore.) All bank loans to Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises qualify under the priority sector. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Divya Kala Shakti Syllabus Prelims –ART AND CULTURE/ GOVERNANCE Context: Recently, the Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities presented the spectacular cultural event, “Divya Kala Shakti,” in Ahmedabad. Background:- The event brought together participants from across Gujarat, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, and Daman and Diu, totaling 100 divyang individuals who took centre stage in mesmerizing performances. About Divya Kala Shakti:- Began:2019. Organized by: Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment. Divya Kala Shakti is a cultural event which provides a wider and unique platform to showcase the potential of Persons with Differently Abled in the field of performing art, music, dance, acrobatics etc. It is an innovative platform to showcase Divyangjan’s innate talents. It has been organized in various parts of the country since 2019. It is organized at the national level and in other regions of the country. Significance:- It aims at developing confidence among persons with disabilities. MUST READ: Draft National Policy on Persons with Disabilities (PwD) SOURCE: PIB PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Consider the following statements in relation to Janani Suraksha Yojana : (2023) It is a safe motherhood intervention of the State Health Departments. Its objective is to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality among poor pregnant women. It aims to promote institutional delivery among poor pregnant women. Its objective includes providing public health facilities to sick infants up to one year of age. How many of the statements given above are correct? Only one Only two Only three All four Q.2) Consider the following statements in the context of interventions being undertaken under the Anaemia Mukt Bharat Strategy : (2023) It provides prophylactic calcium supplementation for preschool children, adolescents and pregnant women. It runs a campaign for delayed cord clamping at the time of childbirth. It provides for periodic deworming to children and adolescents. It addresses non-nutritional causes of anaemia in endemic pockets with a special focus on malaria, hemoglobinopathies and fluorosis. How many of the statements given above are correct? Only one Only two Only three All four Rani Velu Nachiyar Syllabus Prelims –HISTORY Context: Recently, the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi paid tributes to Rani Velu Nachiyar on her Jayanti. Background:- The Prime Minister also shared some excerpts from Mann Ki Baat where he expressed his views about Rani Velu Nachiyar. About Rani Velu Nachiyar:- Born on: January 3, 1730. Died on: December 25, 1796. Rani Velu Nachiyar is the 18th century queen from Sivagangai district in Tamil Nadu. She held the title of queen in the Sivaganga estate from around 1780 to 1790. She made history as the first Indian queen to stand up against the East India Company through armed conflict. Among the Tamil people, she is affectionately remembered as Veeramangai, meaning “Brave Woman.” She was trained in war match weapons usage, martial arts like Valari, Silambam (fighting using the stick), horse riding and archery. She was a scholar in many languages and she had proficiency with languages like French, English and Urdu. She married the king of Sivagangai named Muthuvaduganathaperiya Udaiyathevar. She proudly ruled Sivagangai for more than 10 years. During her reign, the queen also created a women’s only army called Udaiyaal. The war against the British:- In collaboration with Hyder Ali and Gopala Nayaker, she waged a war against the British and emerged victoriously She granted powers to the Marudu brothers to administer the country in 1780. MUST READ: Rani Lakshmibai – Her Jayanti SOURCE: PIB PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) In the context of Indian history, the Rakhmabai case of 1884 revolved around Women’s right to gain education Age of consent Restitution of conjugal rights Select the correct answer using

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   Veer Gatha Syllabus Prelims –GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES Context: The 3rd edition of Project ‘Veer Gatha’, witnessed an overwhelming response pan India recently. Background:- As per the Defense Ministry, around 1.37 crore students from around 2.43 lakh schools participated in the initiative. About Veer Gatha:- Launched:2021. Ministry: The Ministry of Defence (MoD) in collaboration with the Ministry of Education (MoE) The Government had launched Project ‘Veer Gatha’ as part of ‘Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav’ to celebrate 75th year of Independence. Objective: to disseminate the details of acts of bravery of the Gallantry Awardees and the life stories of these brave hearts among the students to raise the spirit of patriotism and instil amongst them values of civic consciousness. Project Veer Gatha deepened this noble aim by providing a platform for the school students to do creative projects/activities based on gallantry award winners. As part of this, the students framed different projects through various media like art, poems, essays and multimedia on these gallantry award winners and the best projects were awarded at the national level by the Ministry of Defence and the Ministry of Education. The project has been coterminous with Republic Day Celebrations each year. Two editions of the Veer Gatha Project (i.e., Edition-I and Edition-II) have been conducted in 2021 and 2022 respectively. In the current edition, Veer Gatha Project 3.0, 100 winners known as the “Super 100” will be selected at the national level. They will be jointly felicitated by the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Defence in New Delhi and will each receive a cash prize of Rs. 10,000. In addition to the national-level winners, there will also be winners at the district level (04 winners) and State/UT level (08 winners). MUST READ: Veer Baal Diwas SOURCE: AIR PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Consider the following statements with respect to the National Flag of India according to the Flag Code of India, 2002: (2023) Statement-I: One of the standard sizes of the National Flag of India is 600 mm x 400 mm. Statement-II: The ratio of the length to the height (width) of the Flag shall be 3: 2. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I Statement-I is correct but Statement II is incorrect Statement-I is incorrect but Statement II is correct Q.2) Q.2) Consider the following freedom fighters (2023) Barindra Kumar Ghosh Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee Rash Behari Bose Who of the above was/were actively associated with the Ghadar Party? 1 and 2 2 only 1 and 3 3 only National Statistical Office (NSO) Syllabus Prelims –ECONOMY Context: Recently, the National Statistical Office (NSO)  said that the Indian economy will grow by a robust 7.3 per cent in the Financial Year 2023-24 over . Background:- The growth is above the provisional growth rate of 7.2 per cent during the last financial year. About National Statistical Office (NSO):- Establishment: 2019. Ministry: Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation. The National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) was merged with the Central Statistical Office to form the National Statistical Office (NSO) in 2019. National Sample Survey Office (NSSO):formerly called the National Sample Survey Organization was the largest organization in India conducting periodic socio-economic surveys. Central Statistics Organization of India:was responsible for the coordination of statistical activities in India, and evolving and maintaining statistical standards. NSO was first envisaged by the Rangarajan Commission to implement and maintain statistical standards and coordinate statistical activities of Central and State agencies as laid down by the National Statistical Commission (NSC). Functions:- It acts as the nodal agency for the planned development of the statistical system in the country. It lays down and maintains norms and standards in the field of statistics. It prepares national accounts as well as publishes annual estimates of national product, government and private consumption expenditure, capital formation, savings, estimates of capital stock and consumption of fixed capital. It Compiles and releases the Consumer Price Index (CPI).  It maintains liaison with international statistical organizations. It compiles and releases the Index of Industrial Production (IIP) every month. It conducts the Annual Survey of Industries (ASI). It organizes and conducts periodic all-India Economic Censuses and follow-up enterprise surveys.  MUST READ: Growth & fiscal consolidation SOURCE: AIR PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) With reference to the ‘Banks Board Bureau (BBB)’, which of the following statements are correct? (2022) The Governor of RBI is the Chairman of BBB. BBB recommends the selection of heads for Public Sector Banks. BBB helps Public Sector Banks develop strategies and capital-raising plans. Select the correct answer using the code given below: 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.2) . Consider the following statements: (2022) In India, credit rating agencies are regulated by the Reserve Bank of India. The rating agency popularly known as ICRA is a public limited company. Brickwork Ratings is an Indian credit rating agency. Which of the statements given above is correct? 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 PRERANA program Syllabus Prelims –GOVERNMENT SCHEMES Context: Recently, PRERANA program was launched. Background:- Online Registration portal of the experiential learning program has been launched. About PRERANA program:- Launched:2024. Ministry: Ministry of Education. Objective: to offer a meaningful, unique, and inspiring experience to all participants, thereby empowering them with leadership qualities. Salient Features:- Prerana is driven by a strong commitment to integrate principles of Indian education system and the philosophy of value-based education which is a cornerstone of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. Prerana is a week-long residential program for selected students of class IX to XII. It is an experiential and inspirational learning program for students with the best-in-class technology where heritage meets innovation. A batch of 20 selected students (10 boys and 10 girls) will attend the program, every week from various parts of the

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   Tapioca plants Syllabus Prelims –AGRICULTURE Context: Recently, the Central Tuber Crops Research Institute issued an advisory on using parts of tapioca plants to feed cattle. Background:- The ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research Institute (CTCRI) here has issued an advisory on feeding animals with parts of cassava (tapioca) in view of the incident in Idukki where 13 cows died in a farm recently. About Tapioca plants:- Family: Euphorbiaceae. Climate: It thrives best in tropical, warm humid climates. Rainfall: over 100 cm per annum. Altitude: This crop can be cultivated up to an elevation of 1000 m. Soil: Any well-drained soil preferably red lateritic loam with a pH range of 5.5 -7.0 is best suited for tapioca cultivation. It is cultivated throughout the tropical world for its tuberous roots, from which cassava flour, bread, tapioca, laundry starch, and an alcoholic beverage are derived. Cassava, also known as Tapioca, production in India is estimated to be 4.98 million tonnes. Tamil Nadu, followed by Kerala accounts for a major amount of production. Its cultivation is also extending towards non-traditional areas like Maharashtra. Uses:- Cassava has a high starch content and ability to grow under low management conditions due to which it has been globally recognized as a potential candidate for bioethanol production. (National Bioenergy Programme) Side Effects:- There are no significant side effects associated with tapioca consumption. However, any cassava-based product can pose the risk of cyanide poisoning.  MUST READ: Invasive Species SOURCE: THE HINDU PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Which of the following organisms ·perform the waggle dance for others of their kin to indicate the direction and the distance to a source of their food? (2023) Butterflies Dragonflies Honeybees Wasps Q.2) Consider the following fauna : (2023) Lion-tailed Macaque Malabar Civet Sambar Deer How many of the above are generally nocturnal or most active after sunset? Only one Only two All three None India Meteorological Department (IMD)  Syllabus Prelims –GEOGRAPHY Context: Recently, the India Meteorological Department (IMD)  issued an orange alert for Punjab, Haryana, and parts of Rajasthan and western Uttar Pradesh for heavy fog and cold day conditions. Background:- The western disturbance will help cut the chill for the first half of the next week, weather scientists said. A western disturbance is a stormy system that originates in the Mediterranean Sea before sweeping towards the east and halting at the Himalayan ranges. In the northern plains, it brings rain and causes a change in wind direction. But in the mountains, it triggers snowfall. About India Meteorological Department (IMD) :- Established: 1875. Ministry: Ministry of Earth Sciences. IMD Headquarters: New Delhi. It is the National Meteorological Service of the country. It is the principal government agency in all matters relating to meteorology and allied subjects. Objectives:- To take meteorological observations and provide current and forecast meteorological information for optimum operation of weather-sensitive activities like agriculture, irrigation, shipping, etc. To warn against severe weather phenomena tropical cyclones, duststorms, heavy rains and snow, cold and heat waves,, which cause the destruction of life and property. To conduct and promote research in meteorology and allied disciplines. To provide meteorological statistics required for agriculture, water resource management, industries, oil exploration and other nation-building activities. The IMD uses four colour codes:- Green (All is well): No advisory is issued. (Colour Coded Weather Warning) Yellow (Be Aware): Yellow indicates severely bad weather spanning several days. Orange/Amber (Be prepared): The orange alert is issued as a warning of extremely bad weather with the potential of disruption in commute with road and rail closures, and interruption of power supply. Red (Take Action): When extremely bad weather conditions are certainly going to disrupt travel and power and have significant risk to life, the red alert is issued.  MUST READ: The India Meteorological Department (IMD) may introduce new monsoon models SOURCE: HINDUSTAN TIMES  PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Consider the following statements: (2022) High clouds primarily reflect solar radiation and cool the surface of the Earth. Low clouds have a high absorption of infrared radiation emanating from the Earth’s surface and thus cause a warming effect. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2) Consider the following statements: (2018) The Barren Island volcano is an active volcano located in the Indian territory. Barren Island lies about 140 km east of Great Nicobar. The last time the Barren Island volcano erupted was in 1991 and it has remained inactive since then. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 and 3 3 only 1 and 3 PRITHvi VIgyan (PRITHVI) SCHEME Syllabus Prelims –GOVERNMENT SCHEMES Context: Recently, Cabinet approved overarching scheme “PRITHvi VIgyan (PRITHVI)”. Background:- The Union Cabinet Chaired by the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi has approved the overarching scheme “PRITHvi VIgyan (PRITHVI)” of Ministry of Earth Sciences, for implementation during the period from 2021-26 at an overall cost of Rs. 4,797 crore. About PRITHvi VIgyan (PRITHVI) SCHEME:- Implementation period: from 2021-2026. Ministry: Ministry of Earth Sciences. Objectives:- Augmentation and sustainance of long-term observations of the atmosphere, ocean, geosphere, cryosphere and solid earth to record the vital signs of the Earth System and change. Development of modelling systems for understanding and predicting weather, ocean and climate hazards and understanding the science of climate change. Exploration polar and high seas regions of the Earth towards discovery of new phenomena and resources. Development of technology for exploration and sustainable harnessing of oceanic resources for societal applications. Translation of knowledge and insights from Earth systems science into services for societal, environmental and economic benefit. Salient Features:- The scheme encompasses five ongoing sub-schemes namely “Atmosphere & Climate Research-Modelling Observing Systems & Services (ACROSS)”, “Ocean Services, Modelling Application, Resources and Technology (O-SMART)”, “Polar Science and Cryosphere Research (PACER)”, “Seismology and Geosciences (SAGE)” and “Research, Education, Training and Outreach (REACHOUT)”. Various components of the PRITHVI scheme are interdependent and are carried out in an integrated manner through combined efforts of the concerned Institutes under MoES. It will help in taking up cross-disciplinary projects and even use funds allocated for the separate verticals together. Thus, it will also facilitate ease of doing research. The overarching scheme