June 21, 2025

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) Dalai Lama Syllabus Prelims –Important Personalities Context: Prime Minister Narendra Modi has greeted, Dalai Lama on his 88th birthday recently. Background:- In a tweet, the Prime Minister informed that he has also spoken to Dalai Lama on the phone and wished him a long and healthy life. About Dalai Lama:- IMAGE SOURCE: pinterest.com The Dalai Lama is the spiritual leader who belongs to the Gelugpa tradition of Tibetan Buddhism. Gelugpa tradition: it is the largest and most influential tradition in Tibet. The Dalai Lamas are believed to be manifestations of Avalokiteshvara or Chenrezig. Avalokiteshvara: the Bodhisattva of Compassion and the patron saint of Tibet. There have been only 14 Dalai Lamas in the history of Tibetan Buddhism. The first and second Dalai Lamas were given the title posthumously. Tenzin Gyatso: the 14th and current Dalai Lama. In 1989, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his non-violent struggle for the liberation of Tibet. Historical Background:- Until China’s annexation of Tibet in the 1950s, the Dalai Lamas were the head of the Tibetan government. Later, plans were made to bring Tibet officially under Chinese control. 1959: Tibetans took to the streets demanding an end to Chinese rule. The current Dalai Lama fled to India during this Tibetan uprising. Former Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru granted him permission to form the ‘Tibetan government in exile’ in Dharamsala (Himachal Pradesh). (UPSC CSE: India-China Trade) The Process to Choose Dalai Lama: Following the Buddhist belief in the principle of reincarnation, the current Dalai Lama is believed by Buddhists to be able to choose the body into which he is reincarnated. That person, when found, will then become the next Dalai Lama. According to Buddhist scholars, it is the responsibility of the High Lamas of the Gelugpa tradition and the Tibetan government to seek out and find the next Dalai Lama following the death of the incumbent. If more than one candidate is identified, the true successor is found by officials and monks drawing lots in a public ceremony. Once identified, the successful candidate and his family are taken to Lhasa (or Dharamsala) where the child studies the Buddhist scriptures in order to prepare for spiritual leadership. Tibetan Buddhism Tibetan Buddhism is the combination of the teachings of Mahayana Buddhism with Tantric and Shamanic, and the teachings of Bon, an ancient Tibetan religion. (UPSC CSE: Bamiyan Buddhas) Impact of Tibet and the Dalai Lama on India and China Relations:- Background: Tibet was India’s actual neighbour for centuries. 1914: Tibetan representatives, along with Chinese representatives, signed the Shimla convention with British India, delineating boundaries. However, following China’s full accession of Tibet in 1950, the convention and the McMahon line that separated the two countries were rejected. 1954: India and China signed an agreement in which they agreed to recognize Tibet as the “Tibet region of China.” Current Situation: One of the major irritants in India-China relations is the Dalai Lama and Tibet. China regards the Dalai Lama as a separatist with considerable clout among Tibetans. In the face of rising tensions between India and China, India’s Tibet policy has shifted. This policy shift indicates that the Indian government is actively negotiating with the Dalai Lama in public forums. The shift in India’s Tibet policy is increasing tensions between India and China. (UPSC CSE: India-China: Concerns) MUST READ: India-China Relations, a Year after Galwan SOURCE: AIR PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) In which one of the following regions was Dhanyakataka, which flourished as a prominent Buddhist centre under the Mahasanghikas, located? (2023) Andhra Gandhara Kalinga Magadha Q.2) Which one of the following statements is correct? (2022) Ajanta Caves lie in the gorge of the Waghora River. Sanchi Stupa lies in the gorge of the Chambal River. Pandu – Lena cave shrines lie in the gorge of the Narmada River. Amaravati Stupa lies in the gorge of the Godavari River. National Green Tribunal (NGT) Syllabus Prelims –Environment and Ecology Context: Recently, the National Green Tribunal (NGT) imposed a fine of about 80,000 crore on states for not disposing of sewage and garbage. Background:- The NGT observed that there is a huge gap in the treatment of sewage and disposal of solid waste by states and UTs. The highest penalty has been imposed on Tamil Nadu at Rs 15,419.71 crore followed by Maharashtra at Rs 12,000 crore, Madhya Pradesh at Rs 9,688 crore and Uttar Pradesh at Rs 5,000 crore. About National Green Tribunal (NGT):- IMAGE SOURCE: universalinstitutions.com Establishment: 2010. (UPSC CSE: NGT) The National Green Tribunal is a statutory body under the National Green Tribunal Act 2010. Objective: for effective and expeditious disposal of cases relating to environmental protection and conservation of forests and other natural resources. HQ: New Delhi. Regional Offices: Bhopal, Pune, Kolkata and Chennai. Language: It is a specialized body equipped with the necessary expertise to handle environmental disputes involving multi-disciplinary issues. (UPSC MAINS: What are tribunals) The Tribunal is not bound by the procedure laid down under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908. It is rather guided by principles of natural justice. Timeline for case disposal: The Tribunal is mandated to make and endeavor for disposal of applications or appeals finally within 6 months of the filing of the same. Tribunal’s orders are binding and it has the power to grant relief in the form of compensation and damages to affected persons. (UPSC MAINS: Discuss the mandate of the National Green Tribunal (NGT)) Benefits: The Tribunal’s dedicated jurisdiction in environmental matters shall provide speedy environmental justice and help reduce the burden of litigation in the higher courts. India became the third country in the world to set up a specialized environmental tribunal, only after Australia and New Zealand. Composition of NGT Sanctioned strength: The act allows for up to 40 members (20 expert members and 20 judicial members). Chairman: The administrative head of the tribunal. He also serves as a judicial member. He is required to be a serving or retired Chief Justice of a High Court or

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) International Maritime Organization Syllabus Prelims –Important Institutions Context: Recently, the summit of the United Nations International Maritime Organization (IMO) concluded in London. Background:- Maritime countries upgraded their Greenhouse House Gas (GHG) emissions strategy to reach net zero “by or around” 2050 without specifying a definite year agreed to upgrade their Greenhouse House Gas (GHG) emissions strategy to reach net zero “by or around” 2050. About International Maritime Organization:- IMAGE SOURCE: south-star-ltd.com IMO is the United Nations specialized agency. Establishment: HQ: London, United Kingdom. Objective: to create a regulatory framework for the shipping industry that is fair and effective, universally adopted and universally implemented. Membership: IMO currently has 175 Member States and three Associate Members. India joined the IMO in (UPSC CSE: International Maritime Organization (IMO) & India) Functions:- Its role is to create a level playing field so that ship operators cannot address their financial issues by simply cutting corners and compromising on safety, security and environmental performance. IMO’s work supports the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The IMO is not responsible for enforcing its policies. It has the responsibility for the safety and security of shipping and the prevention of marine and atmospheric pollution by ships. (UPSC CSE: Maritime Security) Key Conventions of IMO: International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification, and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW) International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) MUST READ: Green Ports & Green Shipping in India SOURCE: DOWN TO EARTH PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Consider the following statements: (2023) Statement-I: Carbon markets are likely to be one of the most widespread tools in the fight against climate change. Statement-II: Carbon markets transfer resources from the private sector to the State. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-11 is the correct explanation for Statement-I Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct Q.2) “Climate Action Tracker” which monitors the emission reduction pledges of different countries is a: (2022) Database created by a coalition of research organisations Wing of “International Panel of Climate Change” Committee under “United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change” Agency promoted and financed by United Nations Environment Programme and World Bank Water Positive India Syllabus Prelims –Governance Context: Recently, the Bureau of Water Use Efficiency (BWUE) and the Indian Plumbing Association (IPA) have signed a MoU with the aim of achieving a Water Positive India. Background:- The MoU focuses on creating awareness and promoting rainwater harvesting structures, low-flow fixtures and sanitary ware, treatment of grey and black water, and water audit of the built environment. About the Bureau of Water Use Efficiency (BWUE):- Establishment: 2022. HQ: New Delhi. Ministry: Ministry of Jal Shakti. The Bureau of Water Use Efficiency (BWUE) has been set up under the scheme of the National Water Mission. Functions of said Bureau:- To plan and execute a nationwide program for the promotion of efficient use of water in irrigation, domestic water supply, and municipal and/or industrial uses in the country. To make necessary regulatory directions to promote Water Use Efficiency. Prescribing guidelines for water conservation codes, standardizing and developing codes and facilitating their notification from concerned authorities. Developing standards for water-efficient fixtures, appliances, sanitary wares and other equipment using water in both urban/rural areas. Evolving a system of efficiency labelling. Evolve a system for incentivizing promotional efforts to increase water use efficiency. Create a Resource Centre and Data Bank related to various aspects of Water Use Efficiency. Promote research and development including research in the field of water conservation. Indian Plumbing Association (IPA) Establishment: 1993 It is the apex body of plumbing professionals in the country. Objectives of IPA:- To uplift the dignity of the profession by encouraging members to: Adopt correct professional practices. (UPSC CSE: Catch The Rain Awareness Generation Campaign) Adhere to ethical codes of conduct. Aim for the highest standards of workmanship. Promote and foster healthy relationships within the fraternity. To promote the advancement of plumbing services in the country by: Organizing seminars, exhibitions, and symposiums to educate members of the trade and the general public. Providing a platform for the dissemination of information and exchange of ideas on matters related to the plumbing profession. Establishing harmonious means of communication to facilitate better interface between the plumbing community, government/quasi-government agencies, statutory bodies, NGOs and private agencies. Establishing training and education programmes to create plumbing professionals. Mission of IPA:- Redefining Plumbing Standards in India. Striving for an overall improvement of the plumbing profession in India at par with international standards. Active participation with the global body in the plumbing profession. National Water Mission: It is one of the eight missions launched under the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) for combating the threats of global warming. (UPSC CSE: Jal Jeevan Mission) NAPCC: it is a Government of India’s programme launched in 2008 to mitigate and adapt to the adverse impact of climate change. Launched: 2008. Ministry: Ministry of Jal Shakti. Objective of the National Water Mission:- To conserve water. To minimise the wastage of the water. To ensure equitable distribution across the country and within States through integrated water resources management. Goals of the National Water Mission:- Comprehensive water database in the public domain and assessment of the impact of climate change on water resources. Promotion of citizen and state actions for water conservation, augmentation and preservation. Focused attention to vulnerable areas including over-exploited areas. Increasing water use efficiency by 20%. Promotion of basin-level integrated water resources management. MUST READ: National Water Policy SOURCE: PIB PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Consider the following statements in relation to Janani Suraksha Yojana : (2023) It is a safe motherhood intervention of the State Health Departments. Its objective is to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality among poor pregnant women. It aims to promote institutional

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) Performance Grading Index for Districts (PGI-D) Syllabus Prelims –Governance Context: The Performance Grading Index for Districts (PGI-D) combined reports for 2020-21 and 2021-22 were released recently. About Performance Grading Index for Districts (PGI-D):- Released first: 2017-18. (UPSC CSE: Performance Grading Index) By: Department of School Education and Literacy (DoSE&L), Ministry of Education. Objective: to help the Districts to prioritize areas for intervention in school education and thus improve to reach the highest grade. The report the performance of the school education system at the District level by creating an index for comprehensive analysis. 83-indicator-based PGI-D has been designed to grade the performance of all districts in school education. Significance: The PGI-D is expected to help the state education departments to identify gaps at the district level and improve their performance in a decentralized manner. The indicator-wise PGI score shows the areas where a district needs to improve. Methodology The PGI-D structure comprises of total weightage of 600 points across 83 indicators. These are grouped under 6 categories viz., Outcomes, Effective Classroom Transaction, Infrastructure Facilities & Student’s Entitlements, School Safety & Child Protection, Digital Learning and Governance Process. These categories are further divided into 12 domains. PGI-D grades the districts into ten grades viz., Daksh and Akanshi-3. Daksh: it is the Highest achievable Grade for Districts scoring more than 90% of the total points in that category or Akanshi-3: The lowest grade in PGI-D, which is for scores up to 10% of the total points. PGI for districts report – 2020-21 & 2021-22 The Covid Pandemic has affected the performance of districts during 2020-21 to 2021-22 as compared to 2019-20. None of the districts attained the top two grades. 79 districts made consistent improvement in PGI-D scores in the last 4 years. In spite of the Covid pandemic at its peak in 2021-22, 290 districts have made a notable improvement in their performance when compared to 2019-20 (pre-pandemic) with 2021-22. Overall, 194 districts have made grade level improvement in 2021-22 as compared to 2018-19. MUST READ: Education & Aspiring India SOURCE: AIR PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Consider the following statements in relation to Janani Suraksha Yojana : (2023) It is a safe motherhood intervention of the State Health Departments. Its objective is to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality among poor pregnant women. 3 . It aims to promote institutional delivery among poor pregnant women. 4 . Its objective includes providing public health facilities to sick infants up to one year of age. How many of the statements given above are correct? Only one Only two Only three All four Q.2) What is the purpose of ‘Vidyanjali Yojana’?(2017) To enable famous foreign educational institutions to open their campuses in India. To increase the quality of education provided in government schools by taking help from the private sector and the community. To encourage voluntary monetary contributions from private individuals and organizations so as to improve the infrastructure facilities for primary and secondary schools. Select the correct answer using the code given below: 2 only 3 only 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) Syllabus Prelims –Governance and Economy Context: Recently, Delhi High Court dismissed PepsiCo’s plea against a revocation order on its Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) certificate for potato variety. Background:- The Delhi High Court on July 5, 2023, dismissed an appeal filed by PepsiCo India Holdings (PIH) against a 2021 order that had revoked the PVP (plant varietal protection) certificate granted to the company for a potato variety (FL-2027). (UPSC CSE: RSTV IAS UPSC – Pepsico v/s Potato Farmers) The FL-2027 variety of potatoes, used in Lays potato chips, came to the limelight in April 2019, when it became the centerpiece for a fight in the potato belt of northern Gujarat. Alleging that farmers who were not part of its “collaborative farming programme” were also growing and selling this variety in Gujarat, PepsiCo had filed rights infringement cases against farmers. About FL2027:- It is a for a potato variety. Its commercial name is FC-5. It has a 5 per cent lower moisture content than other varieties. With 80 per cent moisture content, as compared to the usual 85 per cent, this variety is considered more suitable for processing and therefore, for making snacks such as potato chips. The variety was first cultivated by Dr Robert W. Hoopes, who holds the most potato patents and potato variety protections in the whole world. FL2027 came to be registered in the US in 2005 and was put to commercial use in India in 2009. PepsiCo had then granted licenses to some farmers in Punjab to grow the variety on a buyback system. Buyback system allows the company to buy all the produce from these farmers at pre-decided rates. PepsiCo applied for registration of the potato variety in India in 2011. It was granted registration in Pepsi’s North America subsidiary Frito-Lay has the patent for the potato plant variety FL-2027 until October 2023. For India, Pepsi Co has patented FC-5 until January 2031 under the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights (PPV&FR) Act, 2001. PPVFR Act, 2001 has been enacted in India for giving effect to the TRIPS Agreement:- The PPVFR Act retained the main spirit of TRIPS. The Act also had strong provisions to protect farmers’ rights. The act allows farmers to plant, grow exchange & sell patent-protected crops, including seeds, & only bars them from selling it as “branded seed”. It recognized three roles for the farmer: cultivator, breeder & conserver. As cultivators, farmers were entitled to plant-back rights. As breeders, farmers were held equivalent to plant breeders. As conservers, farmers were entitled to rewards from a National Gene Fund. The patent dispute Issue:- In 2019, PepsiCo sued nine Gujarat farmers for cultivating the same potato variety, accusing them of infringing its intellectual property rights (IPR). It sought over Rs. 1 crore each from the farmers for alleged patent infringement under the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights Act, 2001. However,

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) Pradhan Mantri Rashtriya Bal Puraskar Syllabus Prelims –Important Awards Context: Recently, the last date of submission for the Pradhan Mantri Rashtriya Bal Puraskar was extended. Background:- The Ministry of Women and Child Development has extended the last date of submission for the Pradhan Mantri Rashtriya Bal Puraskar till the 31st of August,2023. About Pradhan Mantri Rashtriya Bal Puraskar:- IMAGE SOURCE: noticebard.com The Awards are announced on December 26 on ‘Veer Bal Diwas’. Veer Baal Diwas: marks a tribute to the martyrdom of Guru Gobind Singh’s sons. (UPSC CSE: Parkash Purab of Sri Guru Gobind Singh Ji) The awards are conferred by the President of India at New Delhi at a special ceremony/function to be held in January every year. Historical Background: It was instituted in 1979 as the National Child Welfare Awards, renamed in 2018 as Bal Kalyan Puraskar. (UPSC CSE: Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Award (PBSA)) Objective: It is organized to celebrate the energy, determination, ability, zeal and enthusiasm of our children. Field: This national-level award is given in the fields of Bravery, Sports, Social Service, Science and Technology, Environment, Arts and Culture, and Innovation. Awarded by: Ministry of Women and Child Development. Eligibility:- A child who is an Indian Citizen and residing in India and is not exceeding 18 years (as of the last date of receipt of application/nomination). The act/incident/achievement should have been within 2 years of the last date of receipt of application/nomination for the year of consideration. The applicant should not be a previous recipient of the same award earlier in any category (including National Child Awards for Exceptional Achievement, as were awarded by the Ministry earlier) Nomination can be done by:- State Governments, Union Territory Administrations, District Collectors/District Magistrates, and Panchayati Raj Institutions. All Central and State School Boards, Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan, Navodaya Vidyalaya Sangathan, National Commission for Protection of Child Rights, State Commissions for Protection of Child Rights and National Institute of Public Cooperation and Child Development. Ministry of Social Justice, Department of Disabilities, Department of School Education in Ministry of Education, all state Departments of School Education, Ministry of Youth Affairs, Department of Sports, Sports Authority of India, Ministry of Culture, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Environment & Forests, Ministry of Defence, Ministry of Home Affairs, and Press Information Bureau. National Selection Committee. Selection Process The applications received are first scrutinized by the Screening Committee. The final selection is done by the National Selection Committee. Decoration:- Medal Cash prize of Rs. 1,00,000 Certificate and citation The Pradhan Mantri Rashtriya Bal Puraskar is given under two categories:- Bal Shakti Puraskar It is given by the Government of India every year to recognize exceptional achievements of children in various fieldse., innovation, scholastic achievements, social service, arts & culture, sports and bravery. Eligibility: A child who is an Indian Citizen residing in India and is between 5-18 years of age. Decoration: A medal, a cash prize of Rs. 1,00,000, book vouchers worth Rs.10,000, a certificate and a citation. Bal Kalyan Puraskar It is given as recognition to Individuals and Institutions, who have made an outstanding contribution towards service for children in the field of child development, child protection and child welfare. Eligibility: An individual who is an Indian Citizen residing in India and should have attained the age of 18 years or above (as of 31st August of the respective year). S/he should have worked for the cause of children for not less than 7 years. The institution should not be entirely funded by the government and should have been in the field of child welfare for 10 years and performing consistently in the field. MUST READ: Padma awards SOURCE: AIR PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Consider the following statements in respect of the 44th Chess Olympiad, 2022: (2023) It was the first time that Chess Olympiad was held in India. The official mascot was named Thambi’. The trophy for the winning team in the open section is the Vera Menchik Cup. The trophy for the winning team in the women’s section is the Hamilton-Russell Cup. How many of the statements given above are correct? Only one Only two Only three All four INS Utkrosh Syllabus Prelims –Defence Context: The Chief of Defense Staff, CDS, General Anil Chauhan inaugurated LRMR Hangar & Dispersal at Naval Air Station, INS Utkrosh in Port Blair. The twin hangar spread over 6000 sq. mt. can accommodate a combination of P8I aircraft with Dronier & Advanced Light Helicopters. It will help in strengthening the security of the Indian Oceans Region. About INS Utkrosh:- It is an Indian naval air station under the joint-services Andaman and Nicobar Command of the Indian Armed Forces. (UPSC CSE: SLBM launch by INS Arihant) Location: Port Blair, Andaman & Nicobar Islands. Commissioning: It was commissioned in This station operates the Do-228 maritime patrol aircraft and a SAR (Search & Rescue) flight of HAL Chetak helicopters. Maritime patrol aircraft (MPA): a fixed-wing aircraft designed to operate for long durations over water in maritime patrol roles. Search and rescue (SAR) service: provided to the survivors of aircraft accidents as well as aircraft in distress (and their occupants) regardless of their nationality. Significance:- The station handles courier flights from the mainland and civil flights to and from Port Blair. It shares airside facilities with Veer Savarkar International Airport which handles civilian traffic. The facilities at INS Utkrosh have been significantly upgraded. The runway has been lengthened to almost 11,000 feet (3,400 m). Except for the civilian terminal operated by the Airports Authority of India, all other air traffic operations over Port Blair are undertaken by INS Utkrosh. MUST READ: Kalvari-Class Submarine INS Vagir SOURCE: AIR PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Which one of the following is the best description of ‘INS Astradharini’, that was in the news recently? (2016) Amphibious warfare ship Nuclear-powered submarine Torpedo launch and recovery vessel Nuclear-powered aircraft carrier Directorate of Revenue Intelligence Syllabus Prelims –Important Institutions Context: Recently, the Directorate of Revenue Intelligence seized over 48 kg of gold paste estimated to be worth 25 crore rupees at Surat

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV) Syllabus Prelims –Science and Technology Context: Recently, IN SPACe, the commercial arm of the Indian Space Research Organisation, ISRO has called for an Expression of Interest from Indian private Industries to manufacture a Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV). Background:- The Chairman of INSPACe, Dr. Pawan Goenka has outlined the objective of involving private players in the manufacturing of Small launchers by saying that this will pave the way for India to become a global hub for small satellite launches. About Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV):- IMAGE SOURCE: Bharat Rakshak SSLV is an indigenously developed mini rocket launcher. (UPSC CSE: ISRO to undertake maiden flight of SSLV) It is the smallest vehicle at ISRO with a 110-ton mass. It is specially designed to carry smaller commercial satellites into the low-earth orbit (LEO) from 200-2,000 km above the Earth’s surface. Low-earth orbit (LEO): an orbit that is relatively close to Earth’s surface. It is normally at an altitude of less than 1000 km but could be as low as 160 km above Earth. It is a three-stage Launch Vehicle configured with three Solid Propulsion Stages and a liquid propulsion-based Velocity Trimming Module (VTM) as a terminal stage. Payload capacity: up to 500 kg. It has the capacity to deliver:- 600 kg to Low Earth Orbit (500 km) or 300 kg to Sun-synchronous Orbit (500 km) Advantages of SSLV:- It is a low-cost launch vehicle. It has a Low turn-around time. It is flexible in accommodating multiple satellites. It has minimal launch infrastructure requirements, etc. It is intended to cater to a market for the launch of small satellites into low earth orbits with a quick turn-around time. It will take only 72 hours to integrate, unlike the 70 days taken now for a launch vehicle. Only six people will be required to do the job, instead of 60 people. It will shift the burden of commercial launches from PSLV. PSLV: is the third generation launch vehicle of India and the first Indian launch vehicle to be equipped with liquid stages. The SSLV is likely to cost a fourth of the current PSLV. (UPSC CSE: PSLV-C54 launch) IN-SPACe : Establishment: 2020. HQ: Ahmedabad, Gujrat. Objective: promotion, encouragement and regulation of space activities of both government and private entities. It is an autonomous agency in the Department of Space. (UPSC CSE: IN-SPACe) It also facilitates the usage of ISRO facilities by private entities. Composition: It comprises technical experts for space activities along with safety experts, academic experts and legal and strategic experts from other departments. It also comprises members from the Prime Minister’s Office (PMO) and the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) of the Government of India. Functions of IN-SPACe:- To develop a space start-up ecosystem in India. To boost the participation of students in the Indian space sector and develop future space force frontiers. To create international opportunities for Indian space companies. To make India the spaceport and ground station hub for selected countries/regions. To develop space tourism and to spread awareness to the public about space technology and its benefits and role in the everyday life of individuals To develop IN-SPACe talent and knowledgebase. MUST READ: Next Generation Launch Vehicle (NGLV) SOURCE: AIR PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Which one of the following countries has its own Satellite Navigation System? (2023) Australia Canada Israel Japan Q.2) Consider the following statements: (2023) Ballistic missiles are jet-propelled at subsonic speeds throughout their flights, while cruise missiles are rocket-powered only in the initial phase of flight. Agni-V is a medium-range supersonic cruise missile, while BrahMos is a solid-fuelled intercontinental ballistic missile. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) Syllabus Prelims –Economy Context: Home Minister Amit Shah will address two days G20 Conference on Crime and Security in the Age of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) and Artificial Intelligence (AI). Background:- Two days G20 Conference on Crime and Security in the Age of NFTs, AI, and Metaverse will be organized in Gurugram, Haryana on the 13th and 14th of July. (UPSC CSE: India and G20 Presidency) The conference will bring together over 900 participants from G20 countries, 9 special invitee countries, international bodies, technology leaders, and domain experts from the country and across the world. About Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs):- IMAGE SOURCE: datasciencecentral.com NFTs are assets in the digital world that can be bought and sold like any other piece of property, but which have no tangible form of their own. (UPSC CSE: Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs)) Anything that can be converted into a digital form can be a Non-Fungible Token (NFT). It includes drawings, photos, videos, GIFs, music, in-game items, selfies etc. Even a tweet can be turned into an NFT, which can then be traded online using cryptocurrency. NFT transactions are recorded on blockchains. Historical Background of NFTs: 2015: Terra Nulius was the first NFT on Ethereum Blockchain. 2017: Then came Curio Cards, CryptoPunks and CryptoCats . 2021: NFTS slowly moved into public awareness, expanding into mainstream adoption in early 2021. Characteristic Features of NFTs:- Blockchain backed: NFTs are different from other digital forms in that they are backed by Blockchain technology. (UPSC CSE: Blockchain Technology and Voting) Exclusive ownership: NFTs can have only one owner at a time. Digital Storage: NFT owners can also digitally sign their artwork and store specific information in their NFTs metadata. Confidentiality: This will be only viewable to the individual who bought the NFT. Conditions to buy NFTs:- Anyone who holds a cryptocurrency wallet can buy an NFT. (UPSC CSE: Cryptocurrency) That is the only prerequisite to purchasing an NFT. One does not need any KYC documents to purchase an art. Risks associated with NFTs:- Risk of Fraud: In the recent past, several incidents of NFT Frauds have been reported. This includes the emergence of fake marketplaces, unverified sellers often impersonating real artists and selling copies of their artworks for half price. Environmental Risks: In

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) India Mobile Congress (IMC) 2023 Syllabus Prelims – Science and Technology Context: As per recent announcements, India Mobile Congress (IMC) 2023 will be held from the 27th of October this year in New Delhi. About India Mobile Congress (IMC) 2023:- India Mobile Congress (IMC) is the largest telecom, media, and technology forum in Asia. Organized by: It is jointly organized by the Department of Telecommunications (DoT) and the Cellular Operators Association of India (COAI). Mission: to catapult India into the limelight, becoming a beacon of the all-encompassing digital transformation shaping the future. Significance: It is a leading forum for bringing together industry, government, academia, and other ecosystem players. Venue: Pragati Maidan, New Delhi. (UPSC CSE: IMC 2021) Ministry: Minister of Information Technology. This is the seventh edition of Asia’s premier digital technology exhibition. (UPSC CSE: IMC 2021) Aim of IMC 2023: The event will harness India’s potent expertise in cutting-edge technologies such as 5G, 6G, broadcasting, satellite, and semiconductors and sculpt an electric atmosphere where ideas ignite, alliances shape, and digital boundaries are incessantly expanded. Theme of the India Mobile Congress-2023: Global Digital Innovation. Sub Themes of the India Mobile Congress-2023: Engage, Learn, Innovate. The event plays a pivotal role in driving meaningful conversations, facilitating enriching connections, and sparking ingenuity across industries. This year IMC is introducing Aspire, the grand Start-Up event. It will lay emphasis on igniting the future of entrepreneurship growth among young innovators and industry delegates in the telecom and other digital domains. MUST READ: Telecom industry in India SOURCE: AIR PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Consider the following statements: (2023) Carbon fibres are used in the manufacture of components used in automobiles and aircrafts. Carbon fibres once used cannot be recycled. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2) With reference to Web 3.0, consider the following statements: (2022) Web 3.0 technology enables people to control their own data. In the Web 3.0 world, there can be blockchain-based social networks. Web 3.0 is operated by users collectively rather than by a corporation Which of the following given above is correct? 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) Syllabus Prelims – Economy Context: Recently, Union Cooperation Minister Amit Shah addressed the 42nd Foundation Day of the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) in New Delhi. Background:- Union Cooperation Minister Amit Shah has said that NABARD is ensuring development and prosperity in rural areas by making rural banking accessible. For the last four decades, NABARD has proved to be the backbone of this country’s rural economy, infrastructure, agriculture, and cooperative institutions. NABARD has a huge role in making every person in the village self-reliant especially the women, through self-help groups and establishing them in society with self-respect. About National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD):- Established: 1982. It is a statutory body under the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development Act, of 1981. NABARD came into existence in 1982 by transferring the agricultural credit functions of RBI and refinance functions of the then Agricultural Refinance and Development Corporation (ARDC). NABARD today is fully owned by the Government of India. HQ: Mumbai Role of NABARD:- It is an apex institution, which has the power to deal with all matters concerning policy, planning. It deals with the operations in giving credit for agriculture and other economic activities in rural areas. (UPSC CSE: Revised Rural Area Development Plan) It is a refinancing agency for those institutions that provide investment and production credit for promoting several developmental programs for rural development. It is improving the credit delivery system in India. It coordinates the rural credit financing activities while maintaining liaison with the Government of India, State Governments, and also RBI. Functions of NABARD:- It provides refinance for IRDP accounts in order to give the highest share for the support for poverty allevia­tion programs run by IRDP. It also makes the service area plan, to provide backward and for­ward linkages and infrastructural support. NABARD also prepares guidelines for the promotion of group activities under its programs and provides 100% refinance support for them. It is making efforts to establish linkages between the Self-help Group(SHG). It refinances projects that are taken under the ‘National Watershed Development Programme ‘ and the ‘National Mission of Wasteland Development. It also has a system of District Oriented Monitor­ing Studies. (UPSC CSE: Start-Up Village Entrepreneurship Programme) It also supports Vikas volunteer Vahini programs which offer credit and development activities to poor farmers. It also inspects and supervises the cooperative banks and RRBs to periodically ensure the development of rural financing and farmers’ welfare. It recommends licensing for RRBs and Cooperative banks to RBI. It provides assistance and support for the training and development of the staff of various other credit insti­tutions, that are engaged in credit distributions. It also runs programs for agriculture and rural development. MUST READ: Cooperative Sector Reforms SOURCE: AIR PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Consider the following statements: (2022) In India, credit rating agencies are regulated by the Reserve Bank of India. The rating agency popularly known as ICRA is a public limited company. Brickwork Ratings is an Indian credit rating agency. Which of the statements given above is correct? 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.2) With reference to the ‘Banks Board Bureau (BBB)’, which of the following statements is correct? (2022) The Governor of RBI is the Chairman of BBB. BBB recommends the selection of heads for Public Sector Banks. BBB helps Public Sector Banks develop strategies and capital-raising plans. Select the correct answer using the code given below: 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Muslim World League Syllabus Prelims – International Relations Context: Recently, President Droupadi Murmu had a meeting with the Secretary General

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) Directorate General of foreign trade (DGFT) Syllabus Prelims –Economy Context: Recently, the directorate general of foreign trade (DGFT) has imposed restrictions on imports of certain gold jewellery and articles. Background:- Restrictions mean that a license will be required from the government to import these goods. Although, no such permission is required for imports under the India-UAE Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) tariff rate quota ((TRQ). CEPA: It is a kind of free trade pact, which covers negotiation on the trade in services and investment, and other areas of economic partnership. TRQ: It allows a lower tariff rate on imports of a given product up to a specified quantity. About Directorate General of foreign trade (DGFT):- Establishment: 1991. HQ: New Delhi. Ministry: Ministry of Commerce and Industry. Headed by: Director General of Foreign Trade. Objective: promoting India’s exports. Functions of DGCI:- Licensing of imports and exports. Regulate, restrict or prohibit exports and imports. (UPSC CSE: Free Trade Agreements regime) Providing a complete database of all exporters and importers in India. It has the authority to prohibit, restrict, and regulate importers and exporters. It plays an advisory role to the Government on Policy measures pertaining to national and international economic scenarios. It is responsible for formulating and implementing the Foreign Trade Policy. (UPSC CSE: New Foreign Trade Policy) It also issues scrips/authorization to exporters and monitors their corresponding obligations. MUST READ: Moratorium on e-commerce trade SOURCE: AIR PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Consider the following statements: (2023) Statement-! : Switzerland is one of the leading exporters of gold in terms of value. Statement-II: Switzerland has the second-largest gold reserves in the world. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I Statement-I is correct but Statement II is incorrect Statement-I is incorrect but Statement II is correct Q.2) With reference to the ‘Banks Board Bureau (BBB)’, which of the following statements is correct? (2022) The Governor of RBI is the Chairman of BBB. BBB recommends the selection of heads for Public Sector Banks. BBB helps Public Sector Banks in developing strategies and capital-raising plans. Select the correct answer using the code given below: 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Third G20 Sherpas Meet Syllabus Prelims –International Relations Context: The third Sherpas meeting under India’s G20 Presidency began in Hampi, Karnataka recently. About G20 Sherpas: A Sherpa is a personal representative of the leader of a member country at an international Summit meeting such as the G20. The Sherpa engages in planning, negotiation and implementation tasks through the Summit. They coordinate the agenda, seek consensus at the highest political levels, and participate in a series of pre-Summit consultations to help negotiate their leaders’ positions. Sherpas are career diplomats or senior government officials appointed by the leaders of their countries. There is only one Sherpa per Summit for each member country; he/she is assisted by several sous Sherpas. G20 Sherpa Meeting under India’s G20 Presidency: The former CEO of NITI Aayog, Amitabh Kant is the G20 Sherpa from India. The 1st Sherpa Meeting of India’s G20 Presidency was held on 04 December 2022, in Udaipur Rajasthan. The Second G20 Sherpas meeting under India’s G20 Presidency, chaired by India’s G20 Sherpa Shri Amitabh Kant took place in the picturesque village of Kumarakom, Kerala, from March 30 to April 2, 2023. G20:- Establishment: 1999. (UPSC CSE: G20) Members: Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Turkey, the U.K., the U.S. and the European Union. Presidency of the G20: it rotates every year among members. The country holding the presidency, together with the previous and next presidency-holder, forms the ‘Troika’. India assumed the presidency of the G20 grouping from Indonesia, in 2022 and will hold the post for a year. During India’s presidency, India, Indonesia and Brazil will form the troika. The G20 does not have a permanent secretariat or Headquarters. About Hampi:- IMAGE SOURCE: Condé Nast Traveller India Hampi comprises mainly the remnants of the capital city of the Vijayanagara Empire. Vijayanagara Empire: the last great Hindu Kingdom dating 14th-16th century CE. Hampi was the capital of the Vijayanagara Empire in the 14th century. Discovery: The ruins at Hampi were brought to light in 1800 by an engineer and antiquarian named Colonel Colin Mackenzie. (UPSC CSE: Hampi Stone Chariot) Hampi was the capital city during the four different dynasties:- Sangama (1336 to 1485 CE): Founded by Harihara I. Saluva (1485 to 1503 CE): Founded by Saluva Narasimha. Tuluva (1491 to 1570 CE): Founded by Tuluva Narasa Nayaka and the most famous king was Krishnadeva Raya. Aravidu (1542 to 1646 CE): Founded by It is located in the Tungabhadra basin in Bellary District, Central Karnataka. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is called the “World’s Largest Open-air Museum”. (UPSC CSE: Hampi World Heritage site) It is also known as Pampa Kshetra, Kishkindha Kshetra and even Bhaskara Kshetra. Characteristic features of temples at Hampi: wide chariot streets flanked by a row of pillared mandapas. Famous places: Krishna temple complex, Narasimha, Ganesa, Hemakuta group of temples, Achyutaraya temple complex, Vitthala temple complex, Pattabhirama temple complex, Lotus Mahal complex, etc. MUST READ: Kingdom of Vijayanagara SOURCE: AIR PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Consider the following statements about G-20: (2023) The G-20 group was originally established as a platform for the Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors to discuss international economic and financial issues. Digital public infrastructure is one of India’s G-20 priorities. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2) With reference to ancient South India, Korkai, Poompuhar and Muchiri were well-known (2023) capital cities ports centres of iron-and-steel making shrines of Jain Tirthankaras

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) Avian Influenza Syllabus Prelims –Science and Technology Context: Ongoing avian influenza outbreaks in animals are raising concerns about the potential risks to humans, according to a joint statement issued by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH). About Avian Influenza:- IMAGE SOURCE: The Conversation Avian influenza or bird flu refers to the disease caused by infection with avian (bird) influenza (flu) Influenza A viruses. (UPSC CSE: Bird flu) Influenza viruses There are four types of influenza viruses: types A, B, C and D. Influenza A viruses: infect humans and many different animals. Influenza B viruses: circulate among humans and cause seasonal epidemics. Influenza C viruses: can infect both humans and pigs but infections are generally mild and are rarely reported. Influenza D viruses: primarily affect cattle and are not known to infect or cause illness in people. Influenza A viruses are the only influenza viruses known to cause flu pandemics. These are divided into subtypes based on two proteins on the surface of the virus: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N). These subtypes include: A(H5N1), A(H7N9), and A(H9N2). H5N1 virus occurs mainly in birds and is highly contagious among them. HPAI Asian H5N1 is especially deadly for poultry. Avian influenza is a highly contagious viral disease. It can infect domestic poultry and other bird and animal species. Avian influenza viruses do not normally infect humans. However, sporadic human infections with bird flu viruses have occurred. Risk: The primary risk factor for humans is exposure to infected live or dead poultry or contaminated environments, such as live bird markets. Prevention:- Controlling the disease in the animal source is critical to decreasing the risk to humans. Travelers to countries and people living in countries with known outbreaks should avoid poultry farms, entering areas where poultry may be slaughtered, and contaminated with faeces from poultry or other animals. Quality surveillance in both animal and human populations, thorough investigation of every human infection and risk-based pandemic planning is essential. Treatment:- Antiviral drugs: Neuraminidase inhibitors like oseltamivir, and zanamivir, can reduce the duration of viral replication and improve prospects of survival. Treatment period: recommended for a minimum of 5 days but can be extended until there is satisfactory clinical improvement. Vaccination:- No vaccine for the prevention of avian influenza infections in humans is commercially available. (UPSC CSE: Vaccine Development for COVID-19) MUST READ: AB-PMJAY and COVID treatment SOURCE: AIR PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) In the context of vaccines manufactured to prevent COVID-19 pandemic, consider the following statements: (2022) The Serum Institute of India produced a COVID-19 vaccine named Covishield using an mRNA platform. Sputnik V vaccine is manufactured using a vector-based platform. COVAXIN is an inactivated pathogen-based vaccine. Which of the statements given above is correct? (2022) 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.2) Consider the following statements in the context of interventions being undertaken under the Anaemia Mukt Bharat Strategy: (2023) It provides prophylactic calcium supplementation for pre-school children, adolescents and pregnant women. It runs a campaign for delayed cord clamping at the time of childbirth. It provides for periodic deworming to children and adolescents. It addresses non-nutritional causes of anaemia in endemic pockets with a special focus on malaria, hemoglobinopathies and fluorosis. How many of the statements given above are correct? Only one Only two Only three All four India Government Mint Syllabus Prelims –Economy Context: Recently, the 120th anniversary of the Indian Government Mint was celebrated in Hyderabad with commemorative souvenir coins. Background:- These souvenir coins were crafted of silver, copper, and serve as a tribute to the rich legacy and contributions of the Indian Government Mint in the field of coinage and minting. Security Printing and Minting Corporation of India Ltd (SPMCIL) Chairman and Managing Director SK Sinha released the commemorative coins.  About Security Printing and Minting Corporation of India Ltd (SPMCIL) It is a wholly owned Schedule ‘A’ Miniratna Category-I company of t Government of India. Establishment: 2006. Ministry: Ministry of Finance. Objectives To be a leader in the manufacturing of currency, coins and security products through process excellence and innovation. Functions::- Conducting printing and minting activities of the Government of India. Developing state-of-art currency, coins and diversified security products in a transparent, cost-effective and efficient manner. Constantly focusing on benchmarking, process automation, applied R & D, indigenization and the triple bottom line people, planet and profit. Ensuring Employees, Customers and Stakeholders’ delight. Production of Currency and Bank Notes, Security Paper, Non-Judicial Stamp Papers, Postal Stamps & Stationery. It also includes producing Travel Documents viz. Passport and Visa, Security certificates, Cheques, Bonds, Warrants, Special Certificates with security features, Security Inks, Circulation & Commemorative Coins, Medallions, Refining of Gold & Silver, and Assay of Precious Metals. About India Government Mint:- IMAGE SOURCE: https://www.spmcil.com/en/about-us/#history India Government Mints (IGM) the units of Security Printing and Minting Corporation of India Ltd (SPMCIL). There are four such units:- India Government Mints (IGM) Mumbai: it was established in 1829, and is one of the oldest mints in India. India Government Mints (IGM) Hyderabad: The present mint started in 1997 at Cherlapally. India Government Mints (IGM) Kolkata: The new mint was established in 1952 and became a unit of SPMCIL during corporatization in 2006. India Government Mints (IGM) Noida: it is the only Mint established in the post-independence era.(UPSC CSE: Kushans and Coins in India) IGMs offer a comprehensive range of services covering every stage of the minting process – from planning to the finished products. They utilize advanced technology, innovation, quality and reliable delivery methods. They strictly follow global laboratory standards. (UPSC CSE: India’s Digital rupee: CBDC) MUST READ: Binance SOURCE: AIR PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) In the context of finance, the term ‘beta’ refers to (2023) the process of simultaneous buying and selling of an asset from different platforms · an investment strategy of a portfolio manager to balance risk versus reward a type

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) PM-MITRA Syllabus Prelims –Government Schemes Context: In a recent tweet, Prime Minister Narendra Modi said that the PM-MITRA mega textile parks will bolster productivity, foster innovation and generate many employment opportunities. About PM-MITRA:- IMAGE SOURCE: yojanapandit.com Launched: 2021. The setting up of 7 PM MITRA Parks was announced in the Union Budget for 2021-22 and later approved by the Central Government. (UPSC CSE: PM MITRA) Ministry: Ministry of Textiles Objective: It aspires to fulfil the vision of building an Aatmanirbhar Bharat and to position India strongly on the Global textiles map. Key Features of PM MITRA:- The PM MITRA scheme is inspired by the 5F vision – Farm to Fibre to Factory to Fashion to Foreign. PM MITRA Parks will be developed by a Special Purpose Vehicle which will be owned by the State Government and Government of India in a Public Private Partnership (PPP) Mode. (UPSC CSE: PM MITRA Parks) The Park will have:- Core Infrastructure: Incubation Centre & Plug & Play facility, Developed Factory Sites, Roads, Power, Water and Waste Water system, Common Processing House & CETP and other related facilities e.g. Design Centre, Testing Centers etc. Support Infrastructure: Workers’ hostels & housing, Logistics Park, warehousing, medical, training & skill development facilities. Competitiveness Incentive Support (CIS) of ₹300 Crore will also be provided to each PM MITRA park for the early establishment of textiles manufacturing units in PM MITRA Park. Advantages of PM MITRA:- PM MITRA Parks aim to have world-class industrial infrastructure. They will attract cutting-edge technology and boost FDI and local investment in the textiles sector. The Parks offer an opportunity to create an integrated textiles value chain right from spinning, weaving, processing/dyeing and printing to garment manufacturing at 1 location. Integrated Textile Value chain at 1 location will reduce the logistics cost of the Industry. Intended to generate 1 lakh direct and 2 lakh indirect employment per park. 7 Mega Integrated Textile Region and Apparel (PM MITRA) Parks are aimed at helping India to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 9: “Build resilient infrastructure, promote sustainable industrialization and foster innovation”. MUST READ: Textile Industry in India SOURCE: AIR PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Consider the following statements in relation to Janani Suraksha Yojana: (2023) It is a safe motherhood intervention of the State Health Departments. Its objective is to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality among poor pregnant women. It aims to promote institutional delivery among poor pregnant women. Its objective includes providing public health facilities to sick infants up to one year of age. How many of the statements given above are correct? Only one Only two Only three All four Q.2) In India, which one of the following compiles information on industrial disputes, closures, retrenchments and lay-offs in factories employing workers? (2022) Central Statistics Office Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade Labour Bureau National Technical Manpower Information System Bhoomi Samman 2023 Syllabus Prelims –Important Awards Context: As per recent announcements, President Droupadi Murmu will present Bhoomi Samman awards in New Delhi. Background:- Rural Development and Panchayati Raj Minister stated this event is extremely significant for Revenue and Registration functionaries of the State, who would receive the “Bhoomi Samman” for the first time in the last 75 years for their outstanding performance. He further said that the “Bhoomi Samman” Scheme is a fine example of Centre-State cooperative federalism based on trust and partnership. About Bhoomi Samman 2023:- Launched: 2023. Presented by: President of India. Presented at: Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi. Ministry: Ministry of Rural Development. Selection Process:- The grading has been done on the basis of the performance of Districts as reflected in the Management Information System (MIS) of the Digital India Land Records Modernization Programme (DILRMP) and as reported by the State/UT Governments. (UPSC CSE: SVAMITVA Scheme) Platinum Grading is given to the Districts which have completed saturation i.e. 100% targets in the respective core components of DILRMP. (UPSC CSE: Unique Land Parcel Identification Number (ULPIN) scheme) Nine State Secretaries and 68 District Collectors of the various Districts will be presented with “Bhoomi Samman” recognizing their efforts in achieving outstanding performances.  MUST READ: Revised Rural Area Development Plan Formulation and Implementation (RADPFI) Guidelines SOURCE: AIR PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Consider the following statements: (2023) Statement-I: India accounts for 3·2% of the global export of goods. Statement-II: Many local companies and some foreign companies operating in India have taken advantage of India’s ‘Production-linked Incentive’ scheme. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I Statement-I is correct but Statement II is incorrect Statement-I is incorrect but Statement II is correct Q.2) With reference to Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission, consider the following statements: (2022) Private and public hospitals must adopt it. As it aims to achieve universal health coverage, every citizen of India should be part of it ultimately. It has seamless portability across the country. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 and 2 only 3 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Local Currency Settlement (LCS) system Syllabus Prelims –International Relations/Economy Context: Recently, India and UAE signed a historic Memorandum of Understanding on Local Currency Settlement (LCS) system. Background:- The agreement was signed between the Reserve Bank of India and the Central Bank of the UAE. Objective: to revolutionize cross-border transactions between the two nations. About Local Currency Settlement (LCS) system:- IMAGE SOURCE: blogspot.com The Local Currency Settlement (LCS) system enables exporters and importers to invoice and pay in their respective domestic currencies. The LCS system between India and UAE allows for the use of the Indian Rupee and UAE Dirham in bilateral trade. It is India’s first-ever LCS arrangement. This innovative system is expected to have a transformative impact on transaction costs and processing time. It is anticipated to have a ripple effect on global economic engagements, encouraging

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) Export Preparedness Index 2022 report Syllabus Prelims –Economy Context: Recently, NITI Aayog released the Export Preparedness Index 2022 report. About Export Preparedness Index 2022 report:- Released by: Vice Chairman, NITI Aayog. This is the third edition of the Export Preparedness Index (EPI). EPI is a comprehensive tool which measures the export preparedness of the States and UTs in India. (UPSC CSE: Export Preparedness Index 2021) Objectives of the report:– To present a comprehensive picture of a state’s and UT’s export preparedness. To highlight the achievements of states/UTs and encourage peer learning among the states/UTs. To uphold the spirit of competitive federalism. Assessment Process:- EPI assess the performance of the States and UTs across four pillars – Policy, Business Ecosystem, Export Ecosystem, and Export Performance. Each pillar is composed of sub-pillars, which in turn capture a state’s performance using relevant indicators. Policy Pillar It evaluates states’ and UTs’ performance based on its adoption of export-related policy ecosystem at a state and district level as well as the institutional framework surrounding the ecosystem. Significance of the report:- It gives an overview of the country’s sector-specific export performance. It highlights the need to develop our districts as export hubs in the country and undertakes a district-level analysis of merchandise exports in the country. The index undertakes a comprehensive analysis of States and UTs across export-related parameters in order to identify their strengths and weaknesses. Key Highlights of Export Preparedness Index 2022 report:- The report discusses India’s export performance amid the prevailing global trade context in FY22. (UPSC CSE: Export Preparedness Index 2020) The coastal states have performed well. Top performers: Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Gujarat. The higher average of coastal states represents their better preparedness and higher contribution to national export. 73 per cent of districts in the country have an export action plan, and over 99 per cent are covered under the One District One Product scheme. One District One Product scheme: The initiative aims to select, brand, and promote at least One Product from each District (One District – One Product) of the country for enabling holistic socioeconomic growth across all regions. (UPSC CSE: One District One Product(ODOP)) It was launched by the Ministry of Food Processing Industries. 100 districts in the country are responsible for nearly 87 per cent of the country’s export. Lack of adequate transport connectivity: the report mentions that the absence of air connectivity hampers the movement of goods across regions especially in the landlocked states. Recommendations of the report:- For the states which are lagging in terms of export commission, the central government should extend support to enable them to build the necessary ecosystem to facilitate their export. Indian states need to invest in research and development for developing market-specific products and improving product quality. MUST READ: India’s Agricultural and processed food products exports SOURCE: AIR PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Consider the following statements: (2023) Statement-I: India accounts for 3·2% of the global export of goods. Statement-II: Many local companies and some foreign companies operating in India have taken advantage of India’s ‘Production-linked Incentive’ scheme. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I Statement-I is correct but Statement II is incorrect Statement-I is incorrect but Statement II is correct Q.2) In the context of finance, the term ‘beta’ refers to (2023) the process of simultaneous buying and selling of an asset from different platforms · an investment strategy of a portfolio manager to balance risk versus reward a type of systemic risk that arises where perfect hedging is not possible a numeric value that measures the fluctuations of a stock to changes in the overall stock market. Employees’ State Insurance Scheme (ESIC) Syllabus Prelims –Economy Context: As per the recent data of the Employees’ State Insurance Scheme (ESIC), more than 20 lakh new employees enrolled in ESI Scheme in May. About Employees’ State Insurance Scheme (ESIC):- The Employees’ State Insurance Scheme (ESI)is an integrated measure of social Insurance embodied in the Employees’ State Insurance Act, of 1948. (UPSC CSE: ESIC) Implementing Agency: Employees’ State Insurance Corporation. Applicability of ESI Scheme:- It applies to factories and other establishments Road Transport, Hotels, Restaurants, Cinemas, Newspaper, Shops, and Educational/Medical Institutions wherein 10 or more persons are employed. However, in some States threshold limit for coverage of establishments is still Beneficiary Selection:- Employees of the aforesaid categories of factories and establishments, drawing wages up to Rs.15,000/- a month, are entitled to social security cover under the ESI Act. ESI Corporation has also decided to enhance the wage ceiling for coverage of employees under the ESI Act from Rs.15,000/- to Rs.21,000. Coverage of the ESI Scheme:- 1952: In the beginning, the ESI Scheme was implemented at just two industrial centers in the country, namely Kanpur and Delhi Funding of ESI Scheme:- The Employees’ State Insurance Scheme (ESI Scheme) is financed by contributions from employers and employees. The rate of contribution by employer is 3.25% of the wages payable to employees. The employees’ contribution is at the rate of 75% of the wages payable to an employee. Employees’ State Insurance Corporation Establishment: 1952. It is a state-run organization set up under the Employee State Insurance Act of 1948. Objective: It is responsible for overseeing the ESI plan. Ministry: The Ministry of Labour & Employment. HQ: New Delhi. Function: It provides socio-economic protection to the worker population and immediate dependent or family covered under the ESI scheme. MUST READ: Finding Unemployment Benefits SOURCE: AIR PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) In India, which one of the following compiles information on industrial disputes, closures, retrenchments, and lay-offs in factories employing workers? (2022) Central Statistics Office Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade Labour Bureau National Technical Manpower Information System Q.2)  Consider the following statements with reference to India: (2023) According to the ‘Micro, Small