Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   Rozgar Melas Syllabus Prelims – GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES Context: Rozgar Melas events are being held across the country recently. Background:- New appointees are inducted into various Central Ministries/ Departments/ Central Public Sector Undertakings (CPSUs)/ Autonomous Bodies including Health and education Institutes, Public Sector Banks etc. Filling up vacant posts in various Ministries/Departments is a continuous process. All vacant posts are being filled in a Mission Mode. About Rozgar Melas:- 1st Edition of National Rozgar Mela: October 22, 2022. Ministry: Ministry of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship (MSDE). Objective: To give impetus to the employment initiatives in the country, the National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) under the aegis of the Ministry of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship (MSDE), Government of India has been organizing Rozgar Melas across the nation to provide suitable job opportunities in the private sector to the unemployed youth. A Rozgar Mela is a 1/2-day event where several employers and job seekers come together for the purpose of applying and interviewing for jobs. These Rozgar Melas generally cater to the youth in the age group of 18-35 Years with an academic qualification covering 8th/10th/12th Pass, ITI, Diploma, Graduates etc. including the trained and certified candidates conforming to National Skills Qualifications Framework. The jobseekers for the Rozgar Mela are sensitized & mobilized through various channels including Print Advertisement, Bulk SMS, Social Media & workshops at the College and university Level in & around the districts of the Rozgar Mela. Under the Rozgar Mela Scheme, 10 lakh jobs will be available for candidates to apply in Group A and B Gazetted Posts, Group B Non-Gazetted and Group C Non-Gazetted posts. Activities in  Rozgar Melas:- Counselling Sessions for the jobseekers & their parents, Kaushal Melas for the registration of youth under fresh skill development training (PMKK/PMKVY), and Mudra Loan Facilitation Counters & Skill Exhibition (where SSCs demonstrate the training model, equipment, and job roles of their respective sectors) Goals of Rozgar Mela:- Empowering the youth Providing opportunities for the youth to contribute to the nation’s development Fast-tracking the meeting of job seekers and employers Reflecting the Prime Minister’s vision that development should reach all parts of the country equally Contribution of Rozgar Mela:- Rozgar Mela gives an opportunity for job seekers to learn more about potential employers and various employment opportunities available, including entrepreneurship. It also offers a platform for organizations to meet potential employees in an informal setting. It brings skilled candidates in direct contact with recruiters, HR managers, admission officers, and advisory bodies/training providers. Significance:- It is anticipated that the Rozgar Mela will play a pivotal role in promoting employment opportunities and providing meaningful avenues for the empowerment of the youth, enabling their active participation in the development of the nation. (Self-Reliant India) It serves as a platform for job seekers to apply for jobs and participate in interviews. MUST READ: Aatmanirbhar Bharat Rozgar Yojana SOURCE: PIB PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) In India, which one of the following compiles information on industrial disputes, closures, retrenchments, and lay-offs in factories employing workers? (2022) Central Statistics Office Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade Labour Bureau National Technical Manpower Information System Q.2)  Consider the following statements with reference to India: (2023) According to the ‘Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development (MSMED) Act, 2006’, ‘medium enterprises are those with investments in plant and machinery between (‘ 15 crores and ’25 crore). All bank loans to Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises qualify under the priority sector. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Consumer Price Index Syllabus Prelims –ECONOMY Context: The All-India Consumer Price Index Number for Agricultural Labourers and Rural Labourers for the month of November 2023 was increased recently. Key Highlights:- CPI increased by 12 points and 11 points respectively to stand at 1253 and 1262 points respectively. There has been an upward trend in the index across all the states except West Bengal (both CPI-AL and CPI-RL indices decreased) and Himachal Pradesh (the CPI-AL index decreased). In the case of Agricultural Labourers, it recorded an increase of 1 to 10 points in 11 States, 11 to 20 points in 4 states and an increase of more than 20 points in 3 states. In the case of Rural Labourers, it recorded an increase of 1 to 10 points in 11 states, 11 to 20 points in 5 states and an increase of more than 20 points in 3 states. Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu with 1439 points each topped the index table whereas Himachal Pradesh with 1015 points stood at the bottom. Among states, the maximum increase for CPI-AL was experienced by Maharashtra of 27 points which was mainly driven by the increased prices of jowar, rice, wheat atta, tapioca, arhar dal, onion and sugar etc. Point to point rate of inflation based on the CPI-AL and CPI-RL stood at 7.37% and 7.13% in November, 2023 compared to 7.08% and 6.92% respectively in October, 2023 and 6.87% and 6.99% respectively during the corresponding month of  previous year. About Consumer Price Index:- The Consumer Price Index (CPI) examines the weighted average of prices of a basket of consumer goods and services, such as transportation, food and medical care. The CPI calculates the difference in the price of commodities and services such as food, medical care, education, electronics etc, which Indian consumers buy for use. Type of CPI:- There are 4 different types of CPI measured:- CPI for Industrial Workers (CPI-IW) It attempts to quantify changes in the pricing of a fixed basket of products and services used by Industrial Workers over time. Released by: Labour Bureau, Ministry of Labour and Employment. Base Year: 2016. CPI for Agricultural Laborers (CPI-AL) It helps to revise minimum wages for agricultural labor in different States. Released by: Labour Bureau, Ministry of Labour and Employment. Base Year:1986-87. CPI for Rural Labourer (CPI-RL) Released by: Labour Bureau, Ministry of Labour and Employment. Base Year:1986-87. CPI (Rural/Urban/Combined) Released by: National Statistical Office (NSO),

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   RAMP ((Raising and Accelerating MSME Productivity) programme Syllabus Prelims –GOVERNMENT SCHEMES Context: Recently, the MSME Ministry launched 3 sub-schemes under the RAMP ((Raising and Accelerating MSME Productivity) programme. Background:- MSME Minister Narayan Rane launched three sub-schemes under the ministry’s existing RAMP ((Raising and Accelerating MSME Productivity) programme to encourage the adoption of sustainable technology in business, boost the circular economy and address delayed payments issue. About RAMP ((Raising and Accelerating MSME Productivity) programme:- Launched: 30th June 2022. Ministry: Ministry of Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises. Objectives: to scale up the implementation capacity and coverage of MSMEs in the States, with impact enhancement of existing MSME schemes. Salient Features:- Raising and Accelerating MSME Productivity (RAMP)” is a Central Sector Scheme. The scheme shall implement regulatory, financial, and implementation reforms as well as firm-level access reforms to provide targeted interventions to MSMEs across recognized challenge areas. The  RAMP program will seek to scale up implementation capacity and firm coverage in the states of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, and Tamil Nadu. It aims to enhance access to market and credit by strengthening institutions, enhancing centre-state partnerships, addressing issues of delayed payments and greening of MSMEs, and ramping up implementation capacity and MSME coverage in states, with the impact enhancement of existing MSME schemes. A Scheme for Promoting Innovation, Rural Industry & Entrepreneurship (ASPIRE) Eligibility:- The MSME should be registered under the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises Development (MSMED) Act, 2006. The MSME should have a valid Udyog Aadhaar Number (UAN). Benefits:- Address Challenges in the MSME Sector: The RAMP program will address the generic and Covid related challenges in the MSME sector by way of impact enhancement of existing MSME schemes, especially, on the competitiveness front. Address inadequately Addressed Blocks in MSME: The program will bolster the inadequately addressed blocks of capacity building, handholding, skill development, quality enrichment, technological upgradation, digitization, outreach, and marketing promotion, amongst other things. Generate Employment: The RAMP program, through enhanced collaboration with States, will be a job enabler, market promoter, and finance facilitator, and will support vulnerable sections and greening initiatives. Usher in Larger Formalization: In States where the presence of MSMEs is on the lower side, the program will usher in larger formalization resulting from the higher impact of the schemes covered under RAMP. The SIPs developed by these States would act as a roadmap for the development of an improved MSME sector. Complement the Atmanirbhar Bharat Mission: RAMP will complement the AtmanNirbhar Bharat mission by fostering innovation and enhancement in industry standards, and practices and providing the necessary technological inputs to the MSMEs. MUST READ: Empowering MSMEs digitally SOURCE: FINANCIAL EXPRESS PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) With reference to Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana, consider the following statements : (2018) It is the flagship scheme of the Ministry of Labour and Employment. It, among other things, will also impart training in soft skills, entrepreneurship, financial and digital literacy. It aims to align the competencies of the unregulated workforce of the country to the National Skill Qualification Framework. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 and 3 only 2 only 2 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.2) What is the aim of the programme ‘Unnat Bharat Abhiyan’? (2017) Achieving 100% literacy by promoting collaboration between voluntary organizations and the government’s education system and local communities. Connecting institutions of higher education with local communities to address development challenges through appropriate technologies. Strengthening India’s scientific research institutions in order to make India a scientific and technological power. Developing human capital by allocating special funds for health care and education of rural and urban poor, and organizing skill development programmes and vocational training for them. Securities Appellate Tribunal (SAT) Syllabus Prelims – ECONOMY Context: The Securities Appellate Tribunal (SAT) recently, quashed regulator Sebi’s order banning Future Retail chairperson Kishore Biyani and some other promoters from the securities market for one year in an insider trading case. Background:- Dismissing the Sebi’s order, the appellate tribunal said that the entities did not trade in the shares of Future Retail Ltd (FRL) on the basis of unpublished price sensitive information (UPSI) relating to demerger as such information was already in the public domain through multiple media reports. About Securities Appellate Tribunal (SAT):- Established: 27th May, 2014. HQ: Mumbai. It is under the jurisdiction of Ministry of Finance. It is a statutory body established under the provisions of the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992. Objective: to hear and dispose of appeals against orders passed by the Securities and Exchange Board of India or by an adjudicating officer under the Act. A Securities Appellate Tribunal (SAT) has been constituted to protect the interest of entities that feel aggrieved by SEBI’s decision. The Securities Appellate Tribunal is established under the provisions of Section 15K of the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992. It is to hear and dispose of appeals against orders passed by the Securities and Exchange Board of India or by an adjudicating officer under the Act and to exercise jurisdiction, powers and authority conferred on the Tribunal by or under this Act or any other law for the time being in force. SAT hears and disposes of appeals against orders passed by the Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA) under the PFRDA Act, 2013. Further, SAT hears and disposes of appeals against orders passed by the:- Insurance Regulatory Development Authority of India (IRDAI) under the Insurance Act, 1938, General Insurance Business (Nationalization) Act, 1972 and Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority Act, 1999 and the Rules and Regulations framed thereunder. Composition: It consists of a Presiding Officer and two other Members. Powers: It has the same powers as those vested in a civil court. Appeal: If any person feels aggrieved by SAT’s decision or order can appeal to the Supreme Court. MUST READ: (SEBI) extends trading ban on Agri commodities SOURCE: THE ECONOMICS TIMES PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Consider the following statements: (2022) In India, credit rating agencies are regulated by the Reserve Bank of India. The rating agency popularly known

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   Bharat New Car Assessment Programme (Bharat NCAP) Syllabus Prelims –GOVERNMENT SCHEMES Context: Recently, the first round of crash testing under the Bharat New Car Assessment Programme (Bharat-NCAP) was completed. Background:- Tata Motors’ home-grown sports utility vehicles (SUV) Tata Safari and Tata Harrier have received the highest five-star ratings after being crash-tested under the Bharat New Car Assessment Programme (Bharat-NCAP). They are the first two cars to have received the highest ratings for adult occupant protection and child occupant protection, under the new system. About Bharat New Car Assessment Programme (Bharat NCAP):- Launched:2023. Implementation: October 1, 2023. Ministry: Ministry of Road Transport and Highways. Objectives: to enhance road safety by elevating vehicle safety standards for up to 3.5-tonne vehicles in India. Bharat New Car Assessment Programme (Bharat NCAP) is a new car safety assessment program which proposes a mechanism of awarding ‘Star Ratings’ to automobiles based on their performance in crash tests. Bharat NCAP standard is aligned with global benchmarks and it is beyond minimum regulatory requirements. It is a safety assessment program for passenger vehicles weighing less than 3.5 tonnes and capable of seating up to eight people. Salient Features of Bharat NCAP:- It proposes a mechanism of awarding ‘Star Ratings’ to automobiles based on their performance in crash tests. The voluntary Bharat NCAP would assign vehicles between one and five stars on parameters such as Adult Occupant Protection (AOP), Child Occupant Protection (COP), and Safety Assist Technologies (SAT). This will help assess to what extent a car may suffer damage in the event of an Potential car buyers can refer to these star ratings to decide which car to buy by comparing the safety standards. Bharat NCAP standard is aligned with global benchmarks and it is beyond minimum regulatory requirements. The testing of vehicles for this programme will be carried out at testing agencies, with the necessary infrastructure. Benefits of NCAP: Develop a safety-sensitive car market in India. Consumer Awareness. Enhanced Safety and Export Potential. Making the Indian automobile industry self-reliant. (Atmanirbhar Bharat 3.0) MUST READ: Electric Vehicles SOURCE: HINDUSTAN TIMES  PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Consider the following actions: (2023) Detection of car crash/ collision which results in the deployment of airbags almost instantaneously. Detection of accidental free fall of a laptop towards the ground which results in the immediate turning off of the hard drive. Detection of the tilt of the smartphone which results in the rotation of display between portrait and landscape mode. In how many of the above actions is the function of the accelerometer required? Only one Only two All three None Q.2)  Which one of the following is the context in which the term “qubit” is mentioned? (2022) Cloud Services Quantum Computing Visible Light Communication Technologies Wireless Communication Technologies COVID sub-variant JN.1 Syllabus Prelims –SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY/GOVERNANCE Context: Recently, India reported 21 cases of COVID sub-variant JN.1, now a WHO ‘variant of interest’. Background:- We need to be on the alert, but there is no need to panic, says Union Health Minister Mansukh Mandaviya. About COVID sub-variant JN.1:- Previously JN.1 was classified and tracked as part of its parent BA.2.86 lineage, which itself is a descendant of the Omicron or B.1.1.529 variant of SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19 disease. In comparison with its parent lineage BA.2.86, JN.1 has an additional mutation (the L455S mutation) in the spike protein. Spread:1 has been found in many countries, including India, China, the United Kingdom, and the United States. WHO said that based on the currently available data, “the additional global public health risk posed by JN.1 is currently evaluated as low.” (Vaccine Development for COVID-19) Transmission: Currently, there is no evidence suggesting that JN.1 causes more severe symptoms or spreads faster than other circulating variants. Risk: Most JN.1 variant cases have been mild, with patients recovering at home. Symptoms:- Classic symptoms of the JN.1 variant include fever, runny nose, sore throat, headache, and gastrointestinal issues like diarrhea and stomach cramps. Extreme fatigue is reported among individuals with the JN.1 variant. Loss of smell has been noted in some cases. Both Pirola and JN.1 have been effectively neutralized by serum from infected and vaccinated individuals, according to the WHO Technical Advisory Group on COVID-19 Vaccine Composition. Variants of concern (VOCs):- The classification of JN.1 as a separate variant of interest (VOI) is down to “its rapidly increasing spread” around the globe. WHO updated its working definitions for variants of concern (VOCs), VOIs, and variants under monitoring (VUMs) in March 2023. According to the definition, a VOI variant is considered a SARS-CoV-2 variant with genetic changes that are predicted or known to affect virus characteristics such as transmissibility, virulence, antibody evasion, susceptibility to therapeutics, and detectability. Further, VOI variants are identified to have a growth advantage over other circulating variants in more than one WHO region, with increasing relative prevalence alongside an increasing number of cases over time. COVID sub-variant JN.1 in India:- Following the identification of the first case of the Coronavirus sub-variant JN.1 in Kerala, several states in India have witnessed a surge in Covid cases. Insacog, the central government’s consortium of labs, detected 19 sequences of the JN.1 variant, with one case in Maharashtra and Goa. (Smart Cities & Managing COVID-19) The Union Health Ministry reported 614 new coronavirus infections, marking the highest since May 21, and the active cases have risen to 2,311. The India SARS-CoV-2 Genomics Consortium (INSACOG), a multi-laboratory and multi-agency network, is actively involved in surveillance efforts.  MUST READ: iNCOVACC SOURCE: DOWN TO EARTH  PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) In the context of vaccines manufactured to prevent the COVID-19 pandemic, consider the following statements: (2022) The Serum Institute of India produced a COVID-19 vaccine named Covishield using an mRNA platform. The Sputnik V vaccine is manufactured using a vector-based platform. COVAXIN is an inactivated pathogen-based vaccine. Which of the statements given above is correct? 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.2) With reference to recent developments regarding ‘Recombinant vector Vaccines’, consider the following statements: (2021) Genetic engineering is applied in the development of these vaccines. Bacteria and viruses are used as vectors. Which of the statements given above is/are

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   Good Governance Day Syllabus Prelims –GOVERNANCE Context: Good Governance Day was celebrated recently. Background:- There are many examples of good governance in Bharat’s long history. About Good Governance Day:- Origin: 2014. Good Governance Day will be celebrated today on the birth anniversary of former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee. The day is celebrated on the 25th of December every year. Objective: to foster awareness among the people of the country about accountability in Governance and Government. Good governance is concerned with the manner in which power is exercised in the management of a country’s economic and social resources for development. The concept is related to the responsibility of governments and governing bodies to meet the needs of the masses. Elements of good governance:- Participation: People should be able to voice their own opinions through legitimate immediate organisations or representatives. Consensus-oriented Oriented: Mediates differing interests to meet the broad consensus on the best interests of a community. Example: GST council- centre and states together. Equity and Inclusiveness: People should have opportunities to improve or maintain their well-being. Example: affirmative policies for women, children and backward classes. Effectiveness and Efficiency: Processes and institutions should be able to produce results that meet the needs of their community while making the best of their resources. Accountability: Governmental institutions, private sectors, and civil society organizations should be held accountable to the public and institutional stakeholders. Example: elections. Transparency: Information should be accessible to the public and should be understandable and monitored. Example: RTI, Draft bills made public to get feedback. Responsiveness: Institutions and processes should serve all stakeholders, and respond to their grievances. (Global Digital Governance) Significance:- Spread Awareness on Governance Fair Treatment of Citizens Promote e-governance MUST READ: Corruption SOURCE: THE INDIAN EXPRESS PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the Maternity Benefit Amendment Act, 2017? (2019) Pregnant women are entitled to three months of pre-delivery and three months of post-delivery paid leave. Enterprises with creches must allow the mother a minimum of six creche visits daily. Women with two children get reduced entitlements. Select the correct answer using the code given below. 1 and 2 only 2 only 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.2) With reference to the ‘stand up India scheme’, which of the following statements is/are correct? (2016) Its purpose is to promote entrepreneurship among SC/ST and women entrepreneurs. It provides for refinancing through SIDBI. Select the correct answer using the code given below. 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Forex reserves Syllabus Prelims –ECONOMY Context: Recently, Forex reserves jumped $2.816 billion to $606.859 billion. Background:- India’s forex reserves jumped $2.816 billion to $606.859 billion in the week ended December 8, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) said on December 15. About Forex reserves:- Foreign Exchange Reserves are assets held on reserve by a central bank in foreign currencies. This can include bonds, treasury bills and other government securities. Reserves are denominated and expressed in the US dollar, which is the international numeraire for the purpose. RBI is the custodian of the Foreign exchange reserves in India. India’s Forex Reserve includes:- Foreign Currency Assets(FCA) Assets that are valued based on a currency other than the country’s own currency. It is the largest component of the forex reserve. Gold reserves Special Drawing Rights Assets that are valued based on a currency other than the country’s own currency. It is the largest component of the forex reserve. Reserve position with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) It is the largest component of the forex reserve. Significance:- They are used to back liabilities on their own issued currency, support the exchange rate and set monetary policy. It serves as a cushion in the event of a Balance of Payment (BoP) crisis on the economic front. To ensure that RBI has backup funds if their national currency rapidly devalues or becomes altogether insolvent. If the value of the Rupee decreases due to an increase in the demand for foreign currency, and then RBI sells the dollar in the Indian money market so that depreciation of the Indian currency can be checked. Reserves will provide a level of confidence to markets and investors that a country can meet its external obligations. A good forex reserve helps in attracting foreign trade and earns a good reputation with trading partners. MUST READ: Rupee Depreciation SOURCE: THE HINDU PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Consider the following statements: (2021) The effect of the devaluation of a currency is that it necessarily Improves the competitiveness of the domestic exports in the foreign markets Increase the foreign value of the domestic currency Improves the trade balance Which of the above statements is/are  1 only  1 and 2 3 only 2 and 3 Q.2) Which one of the following is not the most likely measure the Government/RBI takes to stop the slide of the Indian rupee? (2019) Curbing imports of non-essential goods and promoting exports Encouraging Indian borrowers to issue rupee-denominated Masala Bonds Easing conditions relating to external commercial borrowing  Following an expansionary monetary policy Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya Syllabus Prelims –HISTORY/ IMPORTANT PERSONALITIES Context: PM remembered Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya on his birth anniversary recently. Background:- On the occasion of the 162nd birth anniversary of Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya, Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi will release first series of 11 volumes of ‘Collected Works of Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya’. About Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya:- The birth anniversary of Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya is celebrated on 25th He is an Indian educationist and politician notable for his role in the Indian Independence movement. Madan Mohan Malaviya, the illustrious founder of Banaras Hindu University. He occupies a leading place among the makers of modern India. He is remembered as an outstanding scholar and freedom fighter who worked immensely to raise national consciousness among people. Contributions:- He Founded Hindu Mahasabha in 1906. He Founded Banaras Hindu University (BHU) in 1915. He served as Vice-Chancellor from 1919 to 1938. He

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   Pradhan Mantri Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Abhiyan (PM-JANMAN) Syllabus Prelims –GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES Context: Recently, the Ministry of Tribal Affairs initiated the IEC Campaign on Pradhan Mantri Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Abhiyan (PM-JANMAN). Background:- With an aim of reaching out to 22000 Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTG) majority tribal habitations and PVTG families in 200 districts across the country, Union Ministry of Tribal Affairs has initiated an Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) campaign for the Pradhan Mantri Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Abhiyan (PM-JANMAN). About Pradhan Mantri Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Abhiyan (PM-JANMAN):- Launched: December,2023. Ministry: Ministry of Tribal Affairs+ 8 other Ministries. Objective: to raise awareness and ensure 100% saturation of Government Schemes in PVTG majority tribal habitations. Seventy-five communities spread across 18 states and the Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands have been identified as Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs). Focus areas include 11 critical interventions, encompassing various sectors such as housing, infrastructure, healthcare, education, and connectivity. mission will operate over the next three year. Salient Features:- The comprehensive IEC campaign has started initially in 100 districts, covering approximately 500 blocks and 15,000 PVTG habitations across 18 states and the Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. In phase II, will cover the remaining districts. This campaign is an effort aimed at saturating PVTG families with individual entitlements and habitations with basic facilities, by making these tribal communities aware of their entitlements. During the campaign period, Aadhar cards, Community certificates and Jan Dhan accounts will be provided as these are basic requirements for other schemes such as the issue of Ayushman card, PM Kisan Samman Nidhi, Kisan credit card etc. This initiative will ensure to cover every PVTG household that has remained unreached because of distance, lack of road and digital connectivity. It will provide facilities at their doorstep. (National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST)) Places like Haat Bazar, CSC, Gram panchayat, Anganwadi, Multipurpose Centre, Vandhan Vikas Kendras, and Krishi Vigyan Kendras will be used to organize these events. MUST READ: Significance of Tribal Culture in Sustainable Development SOURCE: PIB PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) If a particular area is brought under the Fifth Schedule of the Constitution of India, which one of the following statements best reflects the consequence of it? (2022) This would prevent the transfer of land of tribal people to non-tribal people. This would create a local self-governing body in that area. This would convert that area into a Union Territory. The State having such areas would be declared a Special Category State. Q.2) With reference to India, the terms ‘Halbi, Ho and Kui’ pertain to (2021) dance forms of Northwest India musical instruments pre-historic cave paintings tribal languages National Consumer Helpline 2.0 Syllabus Prelims – GOVERNANCE/ ECONOMY Context: The Consumer Helpline 2.0 was inaugurated recently on National Consumer Day. Background:- The National Consumer Day is observed every year in India on 24th December. On this day the Consumer Protection Act, 1986 had received the assent of the President. The Consumer Protection Act, 2019 was passed by the Parliament in August 2019 to replace the Consumer Protection Act, of 1986. The World Consumer Rights Day is observed on 15 March. About National Consumer Helpline 2.0:- Launched: 2023. Ministry: Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution. Objective: to provide telephonic advice, information and guidance to empower Indian consumers and persuade businesses to reorient their policy and management systems to address consumer concerns and grievances adopting world-class standards. Salient Features:- At the pre-litigation level, the National Consumer Helpline 2.0 serves as an alternative dispute resolution method. It is available in over 17 languages, including the newly added Maithili, Kashmiri, and Santhali. National Consumer Helpline operates under the Centre for Consumer Studies at Indian Institute of Public Administration (IIPA). It recognizes the need of consumers for a Telephone Helpline to deal with a multitude of problems arising in their day-to-day dealings with business and service providers. It provides a National Toll-Free Number 1800-11-4000 OR 1915. The Helpline is available on all days Except National Holidays between 09:30 AM To 05:30 PM. Sectors covered:- Service sectors : LPG, Electricity, Telecom, Banking, Insurance, Credit cards, Automobiles, Postal, Courier, water, Transport, Education and Medical etc. Products : Domestic Home Appliances in the range of ACs, Geysers, Fans, pressure cookers, Gas burner, Food Products, drinking water, Sindhur, etc. Benefits of NCH:- National Consumer Helpline supports consumers by:- Guiding consumers in finding solutions to problems related to Products and services. Providing information related to Companies and Regulatory Authorities. Facilitating consumers in filing complaints against defaulting Service Providers. Empowering consumers to use available Consumer Grievances Redressal Mechanisms, Educating Consumers about their Rights and Responsibilities. Developing awareness among Consumers about their Rights and Responsibilities. MUST READ: Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA) SOURCE: PIB PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Consider the following statements in relation to Janani Suraksha Yojana : (2023) It is a safe motherhood intervention of the State Health Departments. Its objective is to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality among poor pregnant women. It aims to promote institutional delivery among poor pregnant women. Its objective includes providing public health facilities to sick infants up to one year of age. How many of the statements given above are correct? Only one Only two Only three All four Q.2) With reference to the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission, consider the following statements: (2022) Private and public hospitals must adopt it. As it aims to achieve universal health coverage, every citizen of India should be part of it ultimately. It has seamless portability across the country. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 and 2 only 3 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Viola arvensis Syllabus Prelims –ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY Context: Recent studies show shows signs of self-pollination in plant Viola arvensis. Background:- In the first evidence of rapid evolution, scientists have discovered a flower growing in Paris, France is producing less nectar and smaller flowers to attract fewer pollinators. The scientists also found evidence that the plant field pansy,

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   Telecommunications Bill, 2023 Syllabus Prelims –GOVERNANCE/ POLITY Context: The Telecommunications Bill, 2023, was passed in Parliament recently. Background:- When it receives the assent of the President, the Bill will replace three archaic laws such as the Telegraph Act of 1885, the Indian Wireless Telegraphy Act of 1933 and The Telegraph Wires (Unlawful Possession) Act, 1950. About Telecommunications Bill, 2023:- It aims to consolidate the law for wireless networks and Internet service providers and simplify the process of application for licenses and permits for telecom operators. The Bill governs authorization of telecommunication networks and services, provides for auctioning as well as administrative allocation of spectrum, and defines the mechanism for exercising the right of way for laying telecom infrastructure such as cables in public as well as private property. It states that prior authorization will be needed from the central government for providing telecom services, establishing, operating, maintaining, or expanding telecom networks, and possessing radio equipment. The existing licenses remain valid for the grant period or five years if unspecified. It also spells out emergency measures the government can take in the interest of national security and public safety such as intercepting messages, suspending telecommunication services as well as taking temporary possession of any telecommunication service or network. It states that spectrum will only be assigned through auction, except for specified uses such as national security, defence, disaster management, weather forecasting, transport, satellite services (DTH and satellite telephony), BSNL, MTNL, and public broadcasting. The Bill also states that rules will be framed to protect consumers with the setting up of a ‘Do Not Disturb’ register to ensure they don’t receive a specified class of messages without prior consent. Entities have also been mandated to carry out biometric authentication of their users as a measure to curb fraud. The Bill allows the government to curb the import of telecom equipment from potentially adversarial nations. The bill prescribes punishment for unauthorized provision of telecom services or access to networks/data punishable with imprisonment, fines, or both. (The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI)) The central government will appoint an adjudicating officer (rank of joint secretary and above) for civil offences. Appeals to Designated Appeals Committee and Telecom Disputes Settlement and Appellate Tribunal (TDSAT). Territorial Applicability: It now extends to offences committed outside India if the offence in question involves a telecom service provided in India. Significance:– Replaces Archaic Laws. Provides Clarity for Satellite broadband services. Provides technology-based Solutions for Governance. MUST READ: Telecom industry in India SOURCE: THE HINDU PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) With reference to Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana, consider the following statements : (2018) It is the flagship scheme of the Ministry of Labour and Employment. It, among other things, will also impart training in soft skills, entrepreneurship, financial and digital literacy. It aims to align the competencies of the unregulated workforce of the country to the National Skill Qualification Framework. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 and 3 only 2 only 2 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.1) If a major solar storm (solar flare) reaches the Earth, which of the following are the possible effects on the Earth? (2022) GPS and navigation systems could fail. Tsunamis could occur in equatorial regions. Power grids could be damaged. Intense auroras could occur over much of the Earth. Forest fires could take place over much of the planet. Orbits of the satellites could be disturbed. Shortwave radio communication of the aircraft flying over polar regions could be interrupted. Select the correct answer using the code given below: 1, 2, 4, and 5 only 2, 3, 5, 6, and 7 only 1, 3, 4, 6, and 7 only 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 India- Israel Relations Syllabus Prelims –INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Context: The Delhi Police has intensified its probe into a low-intensity blast that occurred near the Israel Embassy recently. Background:- Areas around the Israel embassy and Jewish establishments in Delhi have been put under the watch of the security personnel. About India- Israel Relations:- IMAGE SOURCE: WORLDATLAS Diplomatic Relations:- India had voted against partitioning Palestine at the UN, rejecting the notion of two nations based on religious criteria in 1947. India and Israel established diplomatic ties in India officially recognized Israel in 1950. In 1992 India established full diplomatic relations with Israel. In 2000, L K Advani became the first Indian minister to visit Israel. And in 2003, Ariel Sharon became the first Israeli Prime Minister to visit India. In 2017, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi visited Israel, becoming the first Indian prime minister to do so. The two countries have since elevated their ties to a strategic partnership. Economic and trade Relations:- Bilateral merchandise trade surged from USD 200 million in 1992 to USD 6.35 billion (excluding defense) by 2022. India emerged as Israel’s third-largest trade partner in Asia and seventh globally, with trade diversifying into pharmaceuticals, agriculture, IT, telecom, and homeland security. Defense Relations:- India imports crucial defence technologies from Israel. India uses Israeli defence systems such as Phalcon AWACS, Heron drones, and Barak anti-missile defense systems. Agricultural Relations:- A three-year joint work program was signed in 2021 to enhance agricultural cooperation, focusing on Centers of Excellence, value chains, and private investment. Israel’s expertise and technologies have benefitted India in horticulture, irrigation, and dairy farming. Relations in Science and Technology: The Joint Committee on Science and Technology, established in 1993. The India-Israel Industrial R&D and Technological Innovation Fund (I4F) supports joint industrial projects in specific sectors. In 2002, India and Israel signed a cooperative agreement promoting space collaboration. India has successfully launched TecSAR and RISAT-2 radar imaging satellites of Israel from PSLV of ISRO. I2U2 Grouping:- It stands for India, Israel, the UAE, and the US. It aims to strengthen economic partnerships, identify areas of cooperation, and encourage joint investments six key sectors: water, energy, transportation, space, health, and food security. Challenges in the relations:- Since 2010, the two countries have been talking about a free-trade deal for

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana-National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM) Syllabus Prelims –GOVERNMENT SCHEMES/ INITIATIVES Context: Recently, the Ministry of Rural Development signed a MoU with Reliance Retail’s JioMart, to onboard  Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana-National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM’s) SHGs. Background:- The Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Reliance Retail’s JioMart towards its efforts to help enhance the outreach of the products of Self-Help Groups (SHGs) of Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana-National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM) thereby empowering the rural SHG artisans. About Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana-National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM):- Launched: June 2011. Ministry: Ministry of Rural Development. Objective: to reduce poverty by enabling the poor household to access gainful self-employment and skilled wage employment opportunities resulting in sustainable and diversified livelihood options for the poor. The Mission seeks to reach out to around 10 Crore rural poor households in a phased manner by 2022-23 and impact their livelihoods significantly. Historical Background:- The Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana-National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM) was launched in 2011 by the Government of India by restructuring the erstwhile Swarnajayanti Grameen Swarojgar Yojana (SGSY). The new programme design was based on the experiences gained from the large-scale community-based projects in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Bihar, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. In November 2015, the program was renamed Deendayal Antayodaya Yojana (DAY-NRLM). Salient Features:- DAY-NRLM is a flagship poverty alleviation program of the Government of India. It is the world’s largest initiative to improve the livelihoods of the rural poor. Values:- Inclusion of the poorest, and meaningful role to the poorest in all the processes. Transparency and accountability of all processes and institutions Ownership and key role of the poor and their institutions in all stages – planning, implementation, and monitoring Community self-reliance and self-dependence Components of mission:- The Mission seeks to achieve its objective through investing in four core components:- Social mobilization and promotion and strengthening of self-managed and financially sustainable community institutions of the rural poor: At least one woman member from each identified rural poor household, is to be brought under the Self Help Group (SHG) network in a time-bound manner. Financial inclusion of the rural poor:- It works on both the demand and supply sides of financial inclusion. On the demand side, it promotes financial literacy among the poor and provides catalytic capital to the SHGs and their federations. Sustainable livelihoods: NRLM focuses on stabilizing and promoting the existing livelihood portfolio of the poor through its three pillars: vulnerability reduction, livelihood enhancement and employment. Social inclusion, social development and convergence:- NRLM places a high emphasis on convergence with other programmes of the MoRD and other Central Ministries. MUST READ: Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyay SOURCE: PIB  PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the Maternity Benefit Amendment Act, 2017? (2019) Pregnant women are entitled to three months of pre-delivery and three months of post-delivery paid leave. Enterprises with creches must allow the mother a minimum of six creche visits daily. Women with two children get reduced entitlements. Select the correct answer using the code given below. 1 and 2 only 2 only 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.2) The Multi-dimensional Poverty Index developed by Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative with UNDP support covers which of the following? (2012) Deprivation of education, health, assets and services at the household level Purchasing power parity at the national level Extent of budget deficit and GDP growth rate at the national level Select the correct answer using the codes given below: 1 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 National Programme on Anganwadi-cum-Crèche Syllabus Prelims –GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES Context: A National Level Programme on Anganwadi-Cum-Crèche Under Palna was held at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi recently. Background:- It was to release the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) of the scheme. About National Programme on Anganwadi-cum-Crèche:- Launched: 2023. Ministry: Ministry of Women and Child Development. Objective: the central aim of Anganwadi-cum- Crèches is to meet the demand for quality childcare facilities and enable women to actively participate in the workforce. Salient Features:- The Anganwadi-Cum- Crèche initiative under the Palna Scheme underwent revisions and was included as part of the Samarthya sub-component of Mission Shakti, starting from April 2022. The government has expanded childcare services through Anganwadi cum Crèche (AWCC) as part of the Palna scheme, a sub-component of Mission Shakti. Palna scheme: it is intended to offer a safe and secure environment for the children of working women to function as a catalyst for increasing female labour force participation. Its objectives are:- To provide day-care facilities for children (6 months to 6 years) of working mothers in the community. To improve the nutrition and health status of children. To promote physical, cognitive, social and emotional development (Holistic Development) of children. To educate and empower parents /caregivers for better childcare. The scheme will provide an integrated package of the following services: Daycare Facilities including Sleeping Facilities. Early Stimulation for children below 3 years and preschool education for 3 to 6 years old children. Supplementary Nutrition (to be locally sourced) Growth Monitoring. Health Check-up and Immunization. Palna is a Mission Shakti sub-scheme. Mission Shakti: it is the Government of India’s Integrated Women Empowerment Programme. It was launched as an Umbrella Scheme for Women’s Safety, Security, and Empowerment, with implementation dates from 2021-22 to 2025-26. The Ministry of Women and Child Development has established a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for the administration and execution of the AWCC scheme to enable states and districts to operationalize Palna. AWCC aims to provide high-quality crèche services in a safe and secure setting for children aged 6 months to 6 years. Anganwadi facilities are the world’s greatest childcare institutions, committed to providing children with vital care and assistance. The government aims to establish 17,000 Crèches under the Palna scheme. Two additional Crèche workers and helpers will be deployed along with existing Anganwadi workers and helpers under the Palna scheme. (Mid-day Meal (MDM) scheme) The program emphasizes the role of

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita and Bharatiya Sakshya Bill 2023 Syllabus Prelims –POLITY/ GOVERNANCE Context: Recently, President Droupadi Murmu has given her assent to Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita and Bharatiya Sakshya Bill 2023. Background:- These three new criminal justice bills were passed by the Parliament. About Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita and Bharatiya Sakshya Bill 2023:- Key Provisions of Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, Bill 2023:- The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 replaced the Indian Penal Code (IPC), 1860, which is the principal law on criminal offences in the country. The new act adds community service as a form of punishment. (Section 153A of the Indian Penal Code (IPC)) For the first time terrorism has been defined in the criminal justice system. Sedition: Under the IPC, section 124-A deals with the offence of sedition and prescribes a sentence of life imprisonment or imprisonment which may extend to three years, to which a fine may be added. In the BNS Bill, provision 150 under the chapter pertaining to ‘offences against the State’ talks about acts endangering the sovereignty unity and integrity of India. The offence of defamation now carries a simple imprisonment of up to two years, or with a fine, or with both or with community service. For the first time capital punishment has been introduced for the offence of mob lynching apart from the offence being made punishable with 7 years of imprisonment or life imprisonment. Sexual exploitation of women on the pretext of marriage, job, promotions or by concealing identity will be considered a crime. Adultery: The new Bill omits the provision for the offence of Homosexuality: The new Bill does not include any punishment for ‘unnatural sexual offences against men’. Key Provisions of Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha (Second) Sanhita, 2023:- The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha (Second) Sanhita, 2023 has replaced the Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 (CrPC). The CrPC provides for the procedure for arrest, prosecution, and bail. Trials, appeal proceedings, and recording of depositions including those of public servants and police officers, may be held in electronic mode. The statement of the accused too can be recorded through video-conferencing. Summons, warrants, documents, police reports, and statements of evidence can be done in electronic form. The Bill adds electronic communication including “communication devices”. On the directions of a court or police officer, a person is required to produce any document/ device that is likely to contain digital evidence for the purpose of an inquiry. A police officer may be permitted to use handcuffs while arresting a person if he is a repeat offender who escaped from custody, or has committed an organized crime, terrorist act, offences against the state, etc. There is a provision on procedures for the timeframe to file mercy petitions in death sentence cases. A decision to grant or reject sanction to prosecute a public servant must be reached by the government within 120 days of receiving a request. If the government fails to do so, the sanction will be deemed to have been accorded. No sanction is required in cases including sexual offences, trafficking, etc. There are provisions for police to detain or remove any person resisting, refusing or ignoring, or disregarding directions given as part of preventive action. Key Provisions of Bharatiya Sakshya (Second) Bill, 2023:- The Bharatiya Sakshya (Second) Bill, 2023 replaced the Indian Evidence Act, 1872. The Act governs the admissibility of evidence in Indian Courts. It applies to all civil and criminal proceedings. It retains most provisions of the IEA including those on confessions, relevancy of facts, and burden of proof. The IEA provides for two kinds of evidence – documentary and oral. Documentary evidence includes primary (original documents) and secondary (that proves the contents of the original). It retains the distinction. It classifies electronic records as documents. Under the IEA, electronic records are categorized as secondary evidence. It classifies electronic records as primary evidence. It expands such records to include information stored in semiconductor memory or any communication devices (smartphones, laptops). It expands secondary evidence to include: (i) oral and written admissions, and (ii) the testimony of a person who has examined the document and is skilled in the examination of documents.  MUST READ: Rape and sexual crimes law in India SOURCE: AIR  PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) With reference to India, consider the following statements: (2022) When a prisoner makes out a sufficient case, parole cannot be denied to a such prisoner because it becomes a matter of his/her right. State Governments have their own Prisoners Release on Parole Rules. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2) With reference to India, consider the following statements: (2022) Judicial custody means an accused is in the custody of the concerned magistrate and such an accused is locked up in a police station, not in jail. During judicial custody, the police officer in charge of the case is not allowed to interrogate the suspect without the approval of the court. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Minimum Support Price (MSP) Syllabus Prelims – ECONOMY Context: Recently, the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs( CCEA) has approved the Minimum Support Price (MSP) for Copra for the 2024 season. Background:- Briefing media in New Delhi yesterday, Information and Broadcasting Minister Anurag Singh Thakur said, the MSP for the coming season is an increase of 300 rupees per quintal for milling copra and 250 rupees per quintal for ball copra over the previous season. About Minimum Support Price (MSP):- IMAGE SOURCE: AIR Minimum Support Price (MSP) is a form of market intervention by the Government of India to insure agricultural producers against any sharp fall in farm prices. The Cabinet Committee of Economic Affairs announces the MSP at the start of each sowing season, considering the recommendations of the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP). CACP is an attached office of the Ministry of

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) Syllabus Prelims –POLITY Context: Recently, President Droupadi Murmu has nominated Justice Sanjiv Khanna, the senior-most judge of the Supreme Court, as the Executive Chairperson of the National Legal Services Authority (NALSA). Background:- Justice Khanna would replace Justice SK Kaul who retired on December 25, 2023. About National Legal Services Authority (NALSA):- The National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) has been constituted under the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987. Objective: to provide free Legal Services to the weaker sections of the society and to organize Lok Adalats for amicable settlement of disputes. HQ: New Delhi. Hon’ble Dr Justice D. Y. Chandrachud, the Chief Justice of India is the Patron-in-Chief. The second senior-most judge of the Supreme Court of India is the Executive Chairman. NALSA is housed at the Supreme Court of India. In every State, the State Legal Services Authority has been constituted to give effect to the policies and directions of the NALSA and to give free legal services to the people and conduct Lok Adalats in the State. The State Legal Services Authority is headed by Hon’ble the Chief Justice of the respective High Court who is the Patron-in-Chief of the State Legal Services Authority. A Seniormost Judge of the High Court is nominated as Executive Chairman, SLSA. NALSA, through the State Legal Services Authorities, also conducts legal literacy programmes. Free legal services include:- Payment of court fees, process fees, and all other charges payable or incurred in connection with any legal proceedings; Providing the service of lawyers in legal proceedings; Obtaining and supply of certified copies of orders and other documents in legal proceedings. Preparation of appeal, paper book, including printing and translation of documents in legal proceedings. Persons eligible for free legal services include:- Women and children Members of SC/ST Industrial workmen Victims of mass disasters, violence, flood, drought, earthquake, and industrial disasters. Disabled persons. Persons in custody Persons whose annual income does not exceed Rs. 1 lakh (in the Supreme Court Legal Services Committee the limit is Rs. 5,00,000). Victims of trafficking in human beings or beggars. MUST READ: District Legal Services Authority SOURCE: THE TRIBUNE PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) With reference to India, consider the following statements: (2021) Judicial custody means an accused is in the custody of the concerned magistrate and such an accused is locked up in a police station, not in jail. During judicial custody, the police officer in charge of the case is not allowed to interrogate the suspect without the approval of the court. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2) With reference to the National Legal Services Authority, consider the following statements: (2013) Its objective is to provide free and competent legal services to the weaker sections of the society on the basis of equal opportunity. It issues guidelines for the State Legal Services Authorities to implement the legal programmes and schemes throughout the country. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Card-on-File Tokenization Syllabus Prelims –ECONOMY Context: Recently, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has enabled card-on-file tokenisation (CoFT) through card-issuing banks and institutions. Background:- It is to make digital payments more secure, safe and sound. About Card-on-File Tokenization:- The central bank introduced Card-on-File Tokenization (CoFT) in September 2021 and began implementation on October 1, 2022. Objective: to enhance convenience for cardholders in getting tokens created and linking them to their existing accounts with e-commerce applications. Tokenization is the replacement of actual credit and debit card details with an alternate code called the “token”, which will be unique for a combination of card, token requestor, and device. A CoF transaction occurs when a cardholder authorizes a retailer to store the cardholder’s Mastercard or Visa payment information. The cardholder then authorizes the business to charge the stored Mastercard or Visa account. Card information is typically stored in the systems of e-commerce companies, airlines, and supermarket chains. Significance: The move will facilitate the creation and linking of tokens to cardholders’ existing accounts with e-commerce applications. Benefits of tokenization:- Enhanced safety and security: It eliminates the risk of storing card details online and ensures the uncompromised convenience of storing customer’s token details on the merchant site. Quicker checkouts: Tokenized Mastercard will allow the convenience of quick checkouts as one doesn’t need to punch in the card number for each purchase. No more ‘False Declines’: Many times, legitimate online payments using valid cards are declined on the grounds of the transaction looking like a fraud. With tokenization, this becomes a thing of the past as the usage of tokens for payments confirms the security of the highest order. Easy card management: With tokenization, one can also keep track of all their cards and the merchants they have been tokenized with. No need for a physical card Added benefits: Tokenization also comes with cashback benefits when secured with platforms like Amazon, Paytm, Swiggy, etc MUST READ: Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC) SOURCE: BUSINESS STANDARD PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) With reference to the Indian economy, consider the following statements: If the inflation is too high, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is likely to buy government securities. If the rupee is rapidly depreciating, RBI is likely to sell dollars in the market. If interest rates in the USA or European Union were to fall, that is likely to induce RBI to buy dollars. Which of the statements given above are correct? (2022) 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.2) With reference to Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), consider the following statements: They enable the digital representation of physical assets. They are unique cryptographic tokens that exist on a blockchain. They can be traded or exchanged at equivalency and therefore can be used as a medium transactions of commercial Which of the statements given above are correct? (2022) 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Wang’s Garden Lizard Syllabus Prelims

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   NITI Ayog Syllabus Prelims –GOVERNANCE/ECONOMY Context: Recent studies by NITI Aayog show that the levy of 20-30% health tax on food high in sugar, salt, and fat. Background:- The study by Niti Aayog, studied the impact of imposing health taxes and warning labels on food products to encourage healthy eating practices. About NITI Aayog:- Establishment: 2015. HQ: New Delhi. Objective:- To evolve a shared vision of national development priorities, sectors and strategies with the active involvement of States. To foster cooperative federalism through structured support initiatives and mechanisms with the States on a continuous basis. To develop mechanisms to formulate credible plans at the village level and aggregate these progressively at higher levels of government. To ensure, in areas that are specifically referred to it, that the interests of national security are incorporated in economic strategy and policy. To focus on technology upgradation and capacity building for implementation of programmes and initiatives. To actively monitor and evaluate the implementation of programmes and initiatives. Salient Features:- NITI Aayog was formed via a resolution of the Union Cabinet on 1 January 2015. It replaced the Planning Commission which was a non-constitutional body formed in 1950. NITI Aayog is a state-of-the-art resource centre with the necessary knowledge and skills. It aims to enable it to act with speed, promote research and innovation, provide strategic policy vision for the government, and deal with contingent issues. It is supported by an attached office, the Development Monitoring and Evaluation Organisation (DMEO), a flagship initiative, Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) and an autonomous body, the National Institute of Labour Economics Research and Development (NILERD). Structure:- The Governing Council is the premier body tasked with evolving a shared vision of national priorities and strategies. The Governing Council of NITI Aayog, comprising Chief Ministers of all the States and Union Territories with legislatures and Lt Governors of other Union Territories. Functions and activities:- NITI Aayog’s entire gamut of activities can be divided into four main heads:- Policy and Programme Framework Cooperative Federalism Monitoring and Evaluation Think Tank, and Knowledge and Innovation Hub About Taxation on High Fat Sugar Salt (HFSS) foods:- According to the Ministry of Women and Child Development, HFSS foods may be defined as foods (any food or drink, packaged or non-packaged) which contain low amounts of proteins, vitamins, phytochemicals, minerals and dietary fibre but are rich in fat (saturated fatty acids), salt and sugar and high in energy (calories) that are known to have a negative impact on health if consumed regularly or in high amounts. The WHO and the Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER) recommend the FSSAI to clearly define High Fat Sugar Salt foods, ensuring transparency, and recommends a nutrient-based tax model. The tax on these foods is required due to:- Health Risks Economic Burden of Obesity in India which was $23 billion in 2017. Growing Consumption of such foods in India. Benefits of taxing HFSS foods:- Promotion of healthier food choices. Improved public health outcomes. Reduction of the burden on the health-care system. MUST READ: Report on National Nutrition Mission: NITI Aayog SOURCE: THE HINDU  PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Consider the following statements in relation to Janani Suraksha Yojana : (2023) It is a safe motherhood intervention of the State Health Departments. Its objective is to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality among poor pregnant women. It aims to promote institutional delivery among poor pregnant women. Its objective includes providing public health facilities to sick infants up to one year of age. How many of the statements given above are correct? Only one Only two Only three All four Q.2) Atal Innovation Mission is set up under the (2019) Department of Science and Technology Ministry of Labour and Employment NITI Aayog Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) Syllabus Prelims –GOVERNMENT SCHEMES Context: Recently it was announced that Aadhaar-linked pay will be made mandatory for Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) workers from the new year. Background:- From the New Year, wages under the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) will be paid only through an Aadhaar-based payment system (ABPS), which requires the Aadhaar details of workers to be seeded to their job cards. About Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS):- Launched: 2005. Ministry: Ministry of Rural Development (MRD). Objectives: improving the purchasing power of the rural people, primarily semi or unskilled work to people living below the poverty line in rural India. Salient Features:- The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), also known as Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MNREGS) is Indian legislation enacted on August 25, 2005. The MGNREGA provides a legal guarantee for one hundred days of employment in every financial year to adult members of any rural household willing to do public work-related unskilled manual work at the statutory minimum wage. The Ministry of Rural Development (MRD), Govt of India is monitoring the entire implementation of this scheme in association with state governments. It guarantees a hundred days of wage employment in a financial year, to a rural household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work. Individual beneficiary-oriented works can be taken up on the cards of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, small or marginal farmers or beneficiaries of land reforms or beneficiaries under the Indira Awaas Yojana of the Government of India. Within 15 days of submitting the application or from the day work is demanded, wage employment will be provided to the applicant. Right to get unemployment allowance in case employment is not provided within fifteen days of submitting the application or from the date when work is sought. Benefits:- MGNREGA focuses on the economic and social empowerment of women. (PM SVANidhi scheme) Social Audit of MGNREGA works is mandatory, which lends to accountability and transparency. MGNREGA works to address the climate change vulnerability. MUST READ: Issues with MGNREGA SOURCE: THE HINDU  PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Consider the following statements in